地震灾害紧急救援队优化救援装备配备分析

本文通过对汶川、日本大地震等国内外地震救援经验教训、地震灾害紧急救援队的任务性质、建筑物结构、废墟倒塌类型和环境影响因素的分析,提出了优化地震救援装备配备建议,以便有效的发挥地震救援装备的应用能力。     

安全工程专业课程体系优化研究

基于安徽理工大学安全工程专业课程体系,提出"2+2"培养模式下"安全技术与管理"方向课程体系存在的问题及其原因,包括课程内容的重复性,课程设置未突出特性培养和课程设置未突出时代性等。提出从按照全国工程教育专业认证指导思想整改,避免课程知识体系过多重复,通才教育的基础上突出自身专业特点以及按照国家的方针政策来指引方向等四个方面阐述了解决课程体系存在的相关问题,优化课程体系,来体现安全工程专业人才培养的国际性、科学性、市场性和全面性等特点。     

基于AHP-FPR模型的矿井通风系统优化方案评价

矿井通风系统优化方案的评价涉及到许多模糊的、不确定因素.从安全、技术、经济角度出发,选取15个技术指标,建立了评价指标体系.将层次分析法(AHP)与模糊模式识别(FPR)理论相结合,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,多级模糊模式识别法构造最优相对隶属度矩阵以判断样本级别,在此基础上建立了AHP-FPR评价模型.通过对平煤八矿通风系统优化改造方案的评价实例证明,该模型实用性较强,可为管理者提供决策依据.     

层次分析法在生活垃圾处置方案优选中的应用

对于如城市生活垃圾处置技术方案优选这类多目标、多方案决策问题,特别是在决策缺乏充分的信息支持前提时,AHP分析法的若干特点,显示其作为一种系统工程的理论工具具有一定的客观性、准确性和有效性,是一种简易而且可行的理论方法和手段。通过以某经济开发区生活垃圾处置方案的优选为例进行了探讨。     

北京市生活垃圾管理的多重不确定性长期规划模型

在对北京市生活垃圾产生、运输和处理系统研究的基础上,考虑垃圾管理系统中各种参数、约束条件等的不确定性,将区间参数、机会约束规划和整数规划相结合,建立了城市生活垃圾管理的不确定性机会约束混合整数规划模型,并以北京市为案例城市进行研究.结果表明,容量约束的违反概率越低,资源化程度越高,然而会造成较高的系统成本.根据北京市目前生活垃圾的处理现状及“十一五”规划目标设置了3种不同的政策发展情景:情景1以目前处理处置现状为依据,作为对比方案;情景2将提高垃圾运往堆肥厂和焚烧厂的转运量,提高资源化效率;情景3将达到“十一五”规划要求.优化结果表明,情景2和情景3能够分别延长垃圾填埋场的使用寿命5a和10a,但是会造成系统成本较高的代价.     

Optimization of tourism impacts within protected areas by means of genetic algorithms

The search for a balance between nature conservation and tourism development within protected areas is becoming an increasingly multifaceted problem worldwide, as outlined by an increasing number of authors and highlighted at several international events. Since it is unlikely that all management objectives will reach their optimum values simultaneously, an optimization approach is required to meet multiple, conflicting goals and to obtain an overall trade-off in terms of the conceived objectives.     

矿井通风三维仿真系统及其应用研究

介绍了矿井通风三维仿真系统的原理及特色,阐述了模拟矿井通风整体网络所需要的调研内容。结合某大型矿山矿井通风系统实例,针对其矿井总风量不足、大型机械化作业盘区环境恶劣、自然风压影响大、通风构筑物不完善等问题,拟定了三个技术方案,并通过矿井通风三维仿真系统进行模拟分析,展示了矿井通风系统三维仿真、方案优选、空气幕选型、自然风压等模拟原理和过程。最后,通过模拟确定的矿井通风系统最优技术方案实施后,其现场测定数据与模拟数据基本吻合,证明了系统的可靠性,改善了井下通风效果,保证了矿井安全高效的生产工作。     

环境约束下的中国八大经济区出口结构优化模拟研究

论文基于2007—2010年中国30个省份区域间投入产出表数据,结合线性规划建立了多区域投入产出优化模型,研究了环境约束下中国八大经济区的出口结构优化。结果表明：2007—2010年需要提高服务业和农业的出口比重,同时降低煤炭开采和洗选业、造纸印刷及文教体育用品制造业、金属冶炼及压延业和电力热力生产供应业的出口比重,通过以上结构调整达到最优出口结构,可以实现在不增加碳、工业二氧化硫和工业废水排放的基础上促使全国GDP分别提高6.84%和8.17%。东北区域、黄河中游区域、长江中游区域、大西南区域和大西北区域需要降低的出口部门较多,且多集中在高能耗高排放产业;东部沿海区域、南部沿海区域、北部沿海区域需要提高的出口部门较多,主要集中在制造业和服务业,2010年东部沿海区域、南部沿海区域和大西北区域的总体出口结构优化度比2007年有所提高。在八大经济区中,东部沿海区域和南部沿海区域由于区位优势,其出口结构整体优化度相对较高,而东北区域则最低。地理区位对于区域出口结构优化具有一定程度的影响。     

Effects of connectivity and spatial resolution of analyses on conservation prioritization across large extents

The outcome of analyses that prioritize locations for conservation on the basis of distributions of species, land cover, or other elements is influenced by the spatial resolution of data used in the analyses. We explored the influence of data resolution on prioritization of Finnish forests with Zonation, a software program that ranks the priority of cells in a landscape for conservation. We used data on the distribution of different forest types that were aggregated to nine different resolutions ranging from 0.1 × 0.1 km to 25.6 × 25.6 km. We analyzed data at each resolution with two variants of Zonation that had different criteria for prioritization, with and without accounting for connectivity and with and without adjustment for the effect on the analysis of edges between areas at the project boundary and adjacent areas for which data do not exist. Spatial overlap of the 10% of cells ranked most highly when data were analyzed at different resolutions varied approximately from 15% to 60% and was greatest among analyses with similar resolutions. Inclusion of connectivity or edge adjustment changed the location of areas that were prioritized for conservation. Even though different locations received high priority for conservation in analyses with and without accounting for connectivity, accounting for connectivity did not reduce the representation of different forest types. Inclusion of connectivity influenced most the outcome of fine-resolution analyses because the connectivity extents that we based on dispersal distances of typical forest species were small. When we kept the area set aside for conservation constant, representation of the forest types increased as resolution increased. We do not think it is necessary to avoid use of high-resolution data in spatial conservation prioritization. Our results show that large extent, fine-resolution analyses are computationally feasible, and we suggest they can give more flexibility to implementation of well-connected reserve networks.     

基于MFOA-SVR露天矿边坡变形量预测研究

为实现边坡危险性及时预警预报,以露天矿边坡变形量为研究对象,提出采用七项影响指标作为边坡位移变形量的响应参数,建立支持向量机回归预测模型(SVR)。引入修正的果蝇优化算法(MFOA)对模型参数进行优化,构建基于MFOA-SVR露天矿边坡变形量协同预测模型,并以实际监测数据进行模型仿真预测。结果表明:该模型平均绝对误差为0.9167mm,平均相对误差为4.2737%,较其他模型预测精度高,综合性能好,将其运用于露天矿边坡变形量预测研究具有较好的适用性和可靠性。