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591.
喀斯特峰丛区复合农林系统优化与植被恢复试验 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
中国西南岩溶区石漠化严重,呈加剧趋势,危害很大,不但导致生态退化、水土流失、自然灾害频繁,而且影响人类的生存,成为我国最严重的生态环境问题之一。喀斯特峰丛区是治理难度最大的地区之一,选择广西平果县龙何屯峰丛区为示范点,以生态学原理为指导,优化土地利用结构,调整农村产业模式,生物工程、水利工程结合,提倡复合农林经营,选择优良乡土树种,模拟天然植被构建先锋植物群落,针对生境异质性的主导因子,强化岩溶山地造林与封育管理技术,开发特有适生的名特优产品,实行乔灌藤草优化配置、生态防护林体系与特色农林产品基地建设结合,经过3年的示范试验,植被覆盖率由10%提高到37%,农民人均收入增长20%。 相似文献
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城镇生活垃圾优化处理技术研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
简述了生活垃圾处理技术现状,提出了生活垃圾优化处理技术方案,并与现行技术进行了对比。工程实例表明该技术处理效果好,值得推广。 相似文献
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Benedito Braga Paulo S. F. Barbosa 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(4):837-852
ABSTRACT: A network flow algorithm has been developed for the optimization of real‐time operation of a multiple reservoir system. Two purposes have been considered in the operation: flood control and hydropower generation. A special network structure was developed which allows the consideration of river routing. A multiobjective formulation is utilized thus allowing generation of a non‐dominated curve. The effect of imperfect forecast on the performance of the real‐time operation model is also evaluated. An application is made to a subsystem of the Brazilian hydroelectric system, located in the Paranapanema river basin. In this case study, the model showed good performance under the largest flood of the historical records. 相似文献
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Amrita Gupta Bistra Dilkina Dana J. Morin Angela K. Fuller J. Andrew Royle Christopher Sutherland Carla P. Gomes 《Conservation biology》2019,33(5):1023-1034
Ecological distance-based spatial capture–recapture models (SCR) are a promising approach for simultaneously estimating animal density and connectivity, both of which affect spatial population processes and ultimately species persistence. We explored how SCR models can be integrated into reserve-design frameworks that explicitly acknowledge both the spatial distribution of individuals and their space use resulting from landscape structure. We formulated the design of wildlife reserves as a budget-constrained optimization problem and conducted a simulation to explore 3 different SCR-informed optimization objectives that prioritized different conservation goals by maximizing the number of protected individuals, reserve connectivity, and density-weighted connectivity. We also studied the effect on our 3 objectives of enforcing that the space-use requirements of individuals be met by the reserve for individuals to be considered conserved (referred to as home-range constraints). Maximizing local population density resulted in fragmented reserves that would likely not aid long-term population persistence, and maximizing the connectivity objective yielded reserves that protected the fewest individuals. However, maximizing density-weighted connectivity or preemptively imposing home-range constraints on reserve design yielded reserves of largely spatially compact sets of parcels covering high-density areas in the landscape with high functional connectivity between them. Our results quantify the extent to which reserve design is constrained by individual home-range requirements and highlight that accounting for individual space use in the objective and constraints can help in the design of reserves that balance abundance and connectivity in a biologically relevant manner. 相似文献
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依据火灾风险评估方法,对厦门市某区域建立区域火灾风险评估指标体系,运用层次分析法(AHP)进行火灾风险等级评定,依托LINGO软件对该区域内的消防站布局规划进行优化,将原来规划的9个消防站优化为7个,并最终应用于该区域的消防规划工作,促进了消防资源的合理配置,提高了消防资金投入的使用效能。 相似文献
600.
Abstract Minqin Oasis is located in the lower reaches of the Shiyanghe River Basin, northeast of the Heixi Corridor, at the middle of the Silk Road. Because of the its existence, Badain Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert cannot converge and develop in the south. It has always been an important green barrier to guarantee the eco-security of Hexi Corridor and the Silk Road for thousands of years. But in recent decades, Minqin Oasis is becoming smaller and the desert is becoming larger. Many people, especially the governmental officials in the lower reaches think that the upper and middle reaches have robbed the lower reaches of water resources, and caused insufficient water usage and the deteriorated eco-environment, in the lower reaches, However, the governmental officials in the upper and middle reaches claim that the whole river basin should take the upper and middle reaches as the key regions to develop economy. To address the above argument, we analyze the reasons why Minqin Oasis is disappearing, and find that there are two main factors. One is the quick development of population and economy in the upper and middle reaches; the other is the rapid development of population and economy in the lower reaches. The two factors both have great effect on the water utilization for eco-environment in the lower reaches. So Minqin Oasis is disappearing not only because of the upper and middle reaches but also because of the growth of population and economy itself. The lower reaches should not completely blame the upper and middle reaches. The upper and middle reaches should also pay more attention to the eco-environment in the lower reaches. The whole river basin should develop a harmonious and sustainable relationship among the upper, middle and lower reaches. 相似文献