边坡稳定性评价的自适应模拟退火聚类分析法

本文针对常规聚类法对初始聚类中心 的敏感性以及聚类结果与样本输入次序有关等问题,提出了基于模拟退火算法的边坡稳定性评价的自适应聚类分析方法。此方法对三峡库区36个边坡的研究结果表明，它是一个具有全局最优解和有较高计算效率的聚类法,其结果明显优于常规聚类法。     

A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MULTI‐RESERVOIR SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: A decision support tool is developed for the management of water resources, focusing on multipurpose reservoir systems. This software tool has been designed in such a way that it can be suitable to hydrosystems with multiple water uses and operating goals, calculating complex multi‐reservoir systems as a whole. The mathematical framework is based on the parameterization‐simulation‐optimization scheme. The main idea consists of a parametric formulation of the operating rules for reservoirs and other projects (i.e., hydropower plants). This methodology enables the radical decrease of the number of decision variables, making feasible the location of the optimal management policy, which maximizes the system yield and the overall operational benefit and minimizes the risk for the management decisions. The program was developed using advanced software engineering techniques. It is adaptable in a wide range of water resources systems, and its purpose is to support water and power supply companies and related authorities. It already has been applied to two of the most complicated hydrosystems of Greece, the first time as a planning tool and the second time as a management tool.     

INTERPRETATION OF THE DUAL PROGRAM FOR OPTIMAL GROUNDWATER HYDRAULIC CONTROL1

ABSTRACT: Optimization formulations for hydraulic control that take the form of linear programs possess a corresponding dual linear program. The economic and physical interpretations of the dual linear program are examined for formulations in which hydraulic head in groundwater systems is constiained. In each case it is shown that the dual linear program has a physically meaningful interpretation. For a hydraulic gradient control formulation used for remedial analysis it is shown that the dual variable can be interpreted as the remedial benefit due to each gradient control constraint. The dual linear program maximizes the remedial benefit. The value of the dual variable can be used to compute such useful properties as the total remedial benefit of pumping at a specific location. For a formulation that optimizes aquifer yield while constraining drawdown the dual variable can be used to measure the total cost of drawdown capacity consumption per unit of pumping at a specific location. The dual program minimizes the cost of drawdown capacity consumption. By examining the meaning of the dual linear program an alternate statement of the problem under study is revealed. Quantities arising from the dual program add to the value of the optimization approach. Significant new information can be derived from existing linear optimization formulations with minimal additional computational effort.     

南宁市南湖富营养化防治对策及综合整治方案的研究

由于大量生活污水未经处理排放南宁市南湖,南湖富营养化状已非常严重,各种水体功能均受到严重影响,治理南湖已刻不容缓。     

GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT OPTIMIZATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND SIMULATED ANNEALING: FORMULATION AND COMPARISON1

ABSTRACT: Genetic algorithms (GA) and simulated annealing (SA), two global search techniques, are coupled with MODFLOW, a commonly used groundwater flow simulation code, for optimal management of ground water resources under general conditions. The coupled simulation-optimization models allow for multiple management periods in which optimal pumping rates vary with time to reflect the changing flow conditions. The objective functions of the management models are of a very general nature, incorporating multiple cost terms such as the drilling cost, the installation cost, and the pumping cost. The models are first applied to two-dimensional maximum yield and minimum cost water supply problems with a single management period, and then to a multiple management period problem. The strengths and limitations of the GA and SA based models are evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained using linear programming, nonlinear programming, and differential dynamic programming. For the three example problems examined in this study, the GA and SA based models yield nearly identical or better solutions than the various programming methods. While SA tends to outperform GA in terms of the number of forward simulations needed, it uses more empirical control parameters which have significant impact on solution efficiency but are difficult to determine.     

水环境材料——悬浮填料的绿色设计

将绿色设计和优化设计结合起来应用到悬浮填料设计中,建立基于绿色设计的悬浮填料优化模型,使设计的产品既满足产品的性能目标,又满足环境目标。并采用融合悬浮填料的功能、几何、加工、工况分析、工艺等全部设计信息的设计平台进行设计实践,达到了塑胶悬浮填料的CADCAMCAECAPP一体化,在设计时采用一系列仿真手段来消除后续产品试制过程中产品浪费和环境污染。     

分布式水文模型的参数率定及敏感性分析探讨

参数率定与敏感性分析是分布式水文模型应用和发展中的难点问题,论文对当前典型的、应用比较成功的全局最优化参数率定和敏感性分析方法进行归纳和分析,包括:遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm)、SCE-UA算法(Shuffled Complex Evolution)、贝叶斯方法(Bayesian Method)、RSA方法(Regionalized Sensitivity Analysis)、GLUE方法(Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation)等等。并对计算机自动优化方法和人工参数调试方法的利弊进行讨论,展望了分布式水文模型的参数率定与敏感性分析的发展方向。     

文丘里洗涤器除尘操作参数的优化设计与工程实践

通过理论分析,对工业文丘里洗涤器的操作参数进行了优化设计,推导出了最佳气速与液气比的计算公式,并已应用于工业生产。     

文山城空气质量监测点位优化研究

用网格实测法对文山城空气质量监测点位进行优化研究,全城共均匀布设12个网格点,2002年4月,连续20d监测了各点大气中SO2、NO2和TSP的浓度,运用模糊聚类法对监测数据进行分析,并综合城市规划、人口分布、污染特征等因素,优选出足以反映文山城空气质量状况的3个最佳监测点.经检验,优选点位的代表性较好,结果满意.     

中国煤炭供应行业格局优化及排放

随着中国经济发展进入新常态,煤炭行业正在发生巨大的变化。为降低中国未来煤炭供应行业总成本,在收集和分析行业现有格局及相关政策的基础上,研究优化未来中国煤炭产、运格局;并通过分析各地区煤炭供应行业的各个环节,最终核算出碳排放系数,再利用这些系数对优化格局下的煤炭活动产生的碳排放进行测算。结果显示：（1）在现有格局的基础上,在资源和政策的约束下,中国煤炭开发将不断集中化,山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、新疆的开发规模不断扩大,到2030年占全国总生产比例将近88%,比2015年提高17%;（2）煤炭调运压力先增后减,新疆、西南、东北等地区铁路运力不足,需不同程度地扩能;（3）2020年煤炭供应行业总排放约6.41亿t CO₂当量,单位供应排放比2015年降低8.75%,2030年总排放约5.26亿t CO₂当量,单位供应排放比2015年降低15.34%。在此基础上具体分析各地区煤炭生产、运输及排放情况,并提出了中国煤炭产业发展的相关对策建议,为煤炭行业相关决策和碳减排工作提供一定的支撑。