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991.
K. Majid Sadeghi Hugo A. Loáiciga Shahram Kharaghani 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(1):124-133
This study develops and tests a novel optimization method for optimally selecting and sizing stormwater control measures (SCMs) in urban landscapes for selected design storms. The developed methodology yields SCMs that capture and retain stormwater via onsite percolation, remove stormwater pollutants, and minimize stormwater control expenditures. The resulting environmental optimization problem involves integer and real variables imbedded in an objective function that is subjected to multiple constraints. This study's methodology aims at practicality and ease of implementation in the solution of the SCM sizing and selection optimization problem while taking into account the main factors that govern stormwater management in urban landscapes. The near‐optimal global solution of the SCM selection and design problem is obtained with nonlinear programming and verified with the average of multiple solutions calculated with multiple runs of an optimization evolutionary algorithm. The developed methodology is illustrated with one stormwater project in the City of Los Angeles, California. 相似文献
992.
针对复杂建筑物中人群安全疏散问题,在原有的元胞自动机行人流模型基础上,利用不同人员行进速度、不同方向行进速度的差异以及疏散连续性等特征优化该模型,使其在模拟逃生规律和疏散时间方面更加合理、可靠。通过多组人群行进速度测定试验,利用曲线拟合方法,获取不同属性人群向不同高度的台阶行进的速度,并制定台阶等级划分规则,优化人员速度计算方法,结合累积位移量,构建复杂建筑元胞自动机模型。利用Matlab软件建立原有疏散模型及复杂建筑元胞自动机模型,分别模拟某海豚表演馆疏散情况。结果表明,复杂建筑元胞自动机模型的模拟数据与实际演习数据相比,在疏散总时间方面存在5%~8%相对偏差,相比原有疏散模型,在模拟复杂建筑疏散问题中更具说服力。 相似文献
993.
994.
自“十一五”实行总量减排以来,国家和地方均投入了大量资金,用于治理工程的建设,减排效果显著.如何在保证经济社会发展的前提下,实现COD等污染的进一步减排,也是一个丞待研究的课题.然而在各类污染物产排量因经济社会发展而急剧增加的背景下,想要彻底解决环境污染问题,仅依靠工程减排措施恐难以为继.以2014年-2030年济南市COD减排优化研究为例,探讨了未来总量减排的发展方向,并在此基础上,提出未来总量减排的建议. 相似文献
995.
996.
基于模糊BP神经网络的深基坑支护方案优选 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了深基坑支护方案优选模型的建立过程及其实例分析。基于深基坑支护方案优选影响因素的模糊性和因素之间的关联性,笔者将模糊优选理论与神经网络理论相结合,在详细分析深基坑支护方案优选影响因素的基础上,建立了4层深基坑支护方案模糊BP优选神经网络模型,提出了模型参数和方案优选反馈计算的方法。应用该方法对北京市某广场大厦的基坑支护方案进行了分析,实例结果表明,采用该方法所进行的深基坑支护方案优选,获得令人满意的效果,是一种值得推广的方法。 相似文献
997.
Levan Elbakidze 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(4):841-849
ABSTRACT: Effects of climate change are likely to be detected in nearly all sectors and regions of the economy, with both winners and losers. One of the consequences of climatic changes could be altered regional water supplies. This paper presents an investigation of regional agricultural implications of changes in water availability. Specifically, using a profit maximization approach, the economic consequences of altered water availability in the Great Basin of Nevada are analyzed in terms of the effects on net returns of agricultural producers. Under the scenarios analyzed in this paper, it is found that with adequate water systems, increase in streamflow and consequent increase in water availability could significantly benefit agricultural producers of this region. Net returns to irrigators could increase by 8 to 13 percent, not taking into account the possibility of changes in crop yields and prices. It is also shown that the benefits from increased water availability are sensitive to likely crop yield and price changes. The potential for adverse effects of climatic changes on water supply is also considered by analyzing the effects of decreased water availability. Under decreased water availability scenarios, farmer net returns decrease substantially. 相似文献
998.
Jenq‐Tzong Shiau Fu‐Chun Wu 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(5):1179-1191
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a quantitative assessment framework for determining the instream flow under multiobjective water allocation criteria. The Range of Variability Approach (RVA) is employed to evaluate the hydrologic alterations caused by flow diversions, and the resulting degrees of alteration for the 32 Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHAs) are integrated as an overall degree of hydrologic alteration. By including this index in the objective function, it is possible to optimize the water allocation scheme using compromise programming to minimize the hydrologic alteration and water supply shortages. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study of the Kaoping diversion weir in Taiwan. The results indicate that the current release of 9.5 m3/s as a minimum instream flow does not effectively mitigate the highly altered hydrologic regime. Increasing the instream flow would reduce the overall degree of hydrologic alteration; however, this is achieved at the cost of increasing the water supply shortages. The effects on the optimal instream flow of the weighting factors assigned to water supplies and natural flow variations are also investigated. With equal weighting assigned to the multiple objectives, the optimal instream flow of 26 m3/s leads to a less severely altered hydrologic regime, especially for those low‐flow characteristics, thereby providing a better protection of the riverine environment. 相似文献
999.
Glenn E. Moglen Steven A. Gabriel Jose A. Faria 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(4):947-959
ABSTRACT: Increasing awareness about the problems brought on by urban sprawl has led to proactive measures to guide future development. Such efforts have largely been grouped under the term “Smart Growth.” Although not widely recognized as such, the “smart” in Smart Growth implies an optimization of some quantity or objective while undertaking new forms of urban development. In this study, we define Smart Growth as that development plan that leads to the optimal value of a precisely defined measure identified by a stakeholder or stakeholders. To illustrate a formal, quantitative framework for Smart Growth, this study develops definitions of optimal development from the perspectives of four different types of stakeholders: a government planner, a land developer, a hydrologist, and a conservationist subject to certain development constraints. Four different objective functions are posed that are consistent with each of these stakeholders’perspectives. We illustrate the differences in consequences on future development given these different objective functions in a stylized representation for Montgomery County, Maryland. Solutions to Smart Growth from the individual perspectives vary considerably. Tradeoff tables are presented that illustrate the consequences experienced by each stakeholder depending on the viewpoint that has been optimized. Although couched in the context of an illustrative example, this study emphasizes the need to apply rigorous, quantitative tools in a meaningful framework to address Smart Growth. The result is a tool that a range of parties can use to plan future development in ways that are environmentally and fiscally responsible and economically viable. 相似文献
1000.
基于通路法的通风网络最大流求解方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
最大流问题属于网络优化的范畴 ,在通风系统改造等方面具有重要作用 ,为此 ,笔者对网络最大流的算法进行了研究和探讨。利用图论和集合论的知识 ,结合通风网络特点 ,对通风网络最大流问题进行了深入研究 ,提出适合求解通风网络最大流问题的通路法。用通路法求解通风网络最大流时 ,用节点邻接矩阵 ,通过矩阵运算确定通路 ;通过对最小可增广通路 ,依次进行增广求得最大流 ,该方法简便快捷 ,易于程序实现。与Edmonds Karp修正算法相比 ,通路法具有运算量小的优点 ;与Dinic算法相比 ,通路法具有无需分层和无需确定向前边、后退边的优点。通路法对教学和科研具有重要意义和实用价值 相似文献