Analysis of a gas-phase partitioning tracer test conducted in an unsaturated fractured-clay formation

The gas-phase partitioning tracer method was used to estimate non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), water, and air saturations in the vadose zone at a chlorinated-solvent contaminated field site in Tucson, AZ. The tracer test was conducted in a fractured-clay system that is the confining layer for the underlying regional aquifer. Three suites of three tracers were injected into wells located 14, 24, and 24 m from a single, central extraction well. The tracers comprised noble gases (traditionally thought to be nonsorbing), alkanes (primarily water partitioning), perfluorides (primarily NAPL partitioning), and halons (both NAPL and water partitioning). Observations of vacuum response were consistent with flow in a fractured system. The halon tracers exhibited the greatest amount of retardation, and helium and the perfluoride tracers the least. The alkane tracers were unexpectedly more retarded than the perfluoride tracers, indicating low NAPL saturations and high water saturations. An NAPL saturation of 0.01, water saturation of 0.215, and gas saturation of 0.775 was estimated based on analysis of the suite of tracers comprising helium, perfluoromethylcyclohexane and dibromodifluoromethane, which was considered to be the most robust set. The estimated saturations compare reasonably well to independently determined values.     

地基土层与含水率变化对湿喷桩成桩质量的影响

利用自行研制的模型试验系统,开展了土层性质及含水率变化对湿喷桩强度影响的定量研究。通过对不同土层及含水率的湿喷桩无侧限抗压强度测试数据的对比分析,发现粘土层中湿喷桩强度高于粉土层中湿喷桩的强度。其主要原因是粘土层中水泥浆液与土体颗粒和水体发生了更强的离子交换和团粒化作用及硬凝反应;地基土层含水率对湿喷桩强度有着显著的影响,且存在一最优含水率,在该含水率下,湿喷桩强度显著提高。     

对劳务、施工等外委单位安全管理工作的法律思考

分析了企业与外委单位的安全工作关系,明确了依法协调管理的依据和主要工作内容,对依法规避管理风险进行了探讨.     

现代中国海平面变化规律及发展趋势的初步分析

本文根据对大量实际观测资料的统计分析认为:中国区域海面里缓慢上升趋势,在此背景下,不同地区升降趋向和幅度差异巨大;控制海面变化的因素具有多元化特点;在今后数十年内,气候和海平面的自然变化不剧烈,温室效应所引起的海平面上升幅度不超过1～2mm/a。     

中国环境教育研究的历史与未来趋势分析

通过对1979年以来中国环境教育学术文章在数量、内容和研究方法等方面的分析。发现中国环境教育研究自1994年开始持续升温。2000年开始从文章内容和研究方法上明显显示出转向可持续发展教育方向的趋势，2004年开始从文章数量上也显示出转向可持续发展教育的方向o20多年来的环境教育研究中。对环境教育意义的阐述和国外环境教育动态的研究分量最重，研究方法的探讨和研究则表现出对主流教育领域的影响敏感且响应及时。但这些文章显示出的环境教育研究方法绝大多数以思辨为主。实证研究、质的研究缺乏。对文章作者分析结果显示。中国环境教育研究队伍很不稳定。缺乏基本的研究经费支持是研究队伍不能保持稳定并缺乏在本土开展的实证和质的研究的根本制约因素。怎样协调因资源禀赋和发展程度不同而导致各国在开展环境教育时出现环境价值观和环境立场产生差异甚至对立的现象。是未来环境教育研究不可回避的任务。     

Greenhouse effect and coastal wetland policy: How Americans could abandon an area the size of Massachusetts at minimum cost

Climatologists generally expect an anthropogenic global warming that could raise sea level 30–150 cm in the next century and more thereafter. One of the impacts would be the loss of coastal wetlands. Although the inundation of adjacent dryland would enable new wetlands to form, much of this land is or will soon be developed. If developed areas are protected, wetlands will be squeezed between an advancing sea and the land being protected, which has already happened in China and the Netherlands, where people have built dikes for centuries. Unlike those countries, the United States has enough land to accommodate the landward migration of wetlands; but governments lack the funds to purchase all the coastal lowlands that might be inundated and the legal authority to prohibit their development. We propose a third approach: allowing property owners to use coastal lowlands today as they choose, but setting up a legal mechanism to ensure that the land is abandoned if and when sea level rises enough to inundate it. Although compensation may be required, this approach would cost less than 1% as much as purchasing the land, and would be (1) economically efficient by enabling real estate markets to incorporate expectations of future sea level rise; (2) constitutional by compensating property owners; and (3) politically feasible by pleasing people who care about the long-term fate of the coastal environment without disturbing people who either are unconcerned about the distant future or do not believe sea level will rise. This article demonstrates that it would be irrational to delay policy formulation until sea level rise projections are more precise. The cost will be small if we act now but great if we wait, and sea level is already rising along most coasts. The US government should develop a strategy in the next three years. The opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of EPA and no official endorsement should be inferred.     

天津市风暴潮经济损失评估

分析了风暴潮对工业、农业等的危害,统计了天津市100多a来较大的风暴潮灾害.并利用"最小二乘法"的思想,根据历次风暴潮最高潮位、增水强度及经济损失等资料,建立了评估风暴潮直接经济损失的数学模型y=123.9-47.25x 4.78x2.依据此模型,估算得在不考虑物价因素的情况下,天津市风暴潮灾害造成的直接经济损失总计达14.34亿元.     

海平面上升的影响及损失预测

气候变化引起的海平面上升对沿海国家和地区构及极大的威胁，造成了不同程度的破坏和损失，通过对海平面上升的可能影响进行了分析，提出了影响及损失的几种估算和评价方法。     

大亚湾海洋生物体中的砷

为也了解大亚湾海洋生物体Ａｓ含量的背景水平，１９９３年大亚湾１５个测站采集了海洋样品，对其Ａｓ含量进行了测定和评价。鱼类，甲索类，头足类和贝类Ａｓ含量的平均值分别为０．４５×１０＾－６，４．７０×１０＾－６，２．２８×１０＾－６和５．５７×１０＾－６，表现出明显的种类间差异。     

浩坤水电站水库岩溶渗漏研究

浩坤水电站位于碳酸盐岩地区,岩溶发育,水文地质条件复杂。水库右岸发育的呈串珠状平行于河谷展布的低邻谷岩溶洼地和库首左侧发育的连通水库内外的赶洞古暗河是水库潜在的主要渗漏通道。通过库区水文地质调查、岩溶洼地群水位同步观测、示踪试验等勘察试验研究工作,查明了浩坤水电站库区岩溶渗漏的主要部位、性质,提出了水库防渗处理意见,并评价了成库条件。