高聚物的老化试验

自然大气暴露和人工加速老化都是评价高聚物老化特性的常用方法。介绍了各种老化方法的特点、应用和相关标准。     

牟汶河中上游孔隙水化学特征及控制因素

为研究牟汶河中上游孔隙水水化学特征及离子来源,在牟汶河中上游莱芜盆地采集了孔隙水样品29组,综合利用相关性和主成分分析、 Piper三线图和Gibbs图集离子比值等方法,分析了该区孔隙水主要离子特征及其控制因素,揭示了该区孔隙水中的主要物质来源.结果表明,牟汶河中上游孔隙水阴阳离子以HCO^-₃、 NO^-₃、 SO₄^2-和Ca²⁺为主;以TDS>1 000 mg·L^-1为标准,正常值点水化学类型主要为HCO₃·NO₃·SO₄-Ca和HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型水,异常值点水化学类型主要为NO₃·Cl-Ca型水.地下水化学演化过程主要受岩石风化、阳离子交替吸附和人类活动影响,Na⁺+K⁺主要来自硅酸盐风化溶解作用,HCO^-     

Simulating study on the effect of acid precipitation on forest soil weathering

The effect of acid rain on the forest soils in China was discussed on the basis of simulating studies. The soils were collected from five typical areas, including Chongqing in Sichuan Province and Guiyang in Guizhou Province, where there has been heavier acid rain in southwest China, and Huitong in Hunan Province, Zhouzhi in Shaanxi Province, and Xinglong in Hebei Province, all of which were selected as control. Field investigation and sampling were made in the typical forests in all the above five areas. The relationship between pH values in precipitation and rates of soil weathering, the difference between the rates of soil weathering in different areas, and the cause of such a difference, have been worked out. The prediction was also conducted on the supply dynamics of nutrient and toxic elements in various forest ecosystems which were affected by acid deposition in order to understand the long-term effects of acid precipitation on the forest ecosystems studied.     

鲜水河断裂带虾拉沱盆地断面地下水化学特征及控制因素

为研究鲜水河断裂带内地下水水化学特征及离子来源,在采集虾拉沱盆地内降水、地表水、地下水、温泉水样品的基础上,综合运用离子比值、相关性分析、Gibbs图、Piper三线图和饱和指数等方法,分析了地下水中主要离子特征,并结合氢氧同位素信息分析了地下水的补给来源.结果表明,虾拉沱盆地地下水均为弱碱性,阳离子以Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和Na~+为主,Ca~(2+)占总离子2. 6%～53. 6%,平均为28. 84%,Mg~(2+)占总离子2. 7%～57%,平均为40. 6%,Na~+占总离子6. 2%～93. 1%,平均为28. 6%;阴离子以HCO_3~-为主,占总离子82. 4%～98%,平均为89. 6%,而章谷温泉主要以HCO_3~-和Na~+为主,分别占阴阳离子的93. 1%和98%,TDS介于116. 11～372. 75 mg·L~(-1),均值281. 91 mg·L~(-1);地下水水化学类型为HCO_3~-Mg·Ca和HCO_3~-Ca·Mg型,水文地球化学过程受碳酸盐岩风化溶解控制;温泉受断裂带控制明显,主要发育在鲜水河主断层附近,水化学类型为HCO_3~-Na型,水文地球化学过程受硅酸盐岩溶解控制.     

应用植物篱生态技术治理强风化岩质边坡研究

应用(改良)香根草等高植物篱技术治理与稳固昆明九乡喀斯特(岩溶)地区石漠化病害边坡.试验结果表明,与周边30m范围内发生大量山体滑坡的边坡相对照,该生态恢复工程明显发挥出了防止侵蚀、稳定边坡的作用,且大大改善和恢复了喀斯特石漠化病害边坡的生态环境,突破了土石方工程方法单一、造价高、景观差且阻断该区域植被系统形成的现状.     

北武夷地区前寒武系变质岩地球化学特征

通过对北武夷地区前寒武系变质岩的岩石化学、稀土元素及微量元素等综合研究 ,从中元古代铁沙街岩组、周潭岩组到晚震旦世至早寒武世万源组、洪山组、外管坑组 ,SiO2 、K2 O、K2 O/Na2 O等具有逐渐增大的趋势 ,而TiO2 、Al2 O3 、FeO、MgO、Na2 O及SiO2 /Al2 O3 则逐渐减小 ;ΣLREE/ΣHREE增加 ,而ΣREE总体具减小趋势 ;Sc、Ba、Rb、Cu、Cr等微量元素含量增大 ,而Ni、Th、U、Ta、Nb、Ga、Zr、Hf、V、Zn、Co等则减少。本文利用地球化学参数判别本区前寒武系岩石形成构造环境为被动大陆边缘。     

皖南前南华纪岩石地层

在地层构造区划分的基础上，系统论述了前南华纪岩石地层层序、宏观特征、沉积环境、原始构造环境。综合垂向序列的时间特征、原始构造环境、构造界面、将前南华系划分为两个构造层。第一构造层为蓟县纪－青白口纪早期弧后边缘盆地沉积。第二构造层为青白口纪晚期大陆裂谷火山－沉积岩。并以此为框架，对相邻地区的地进行了对比。     

溢油乳化过程的研究进展

概述了国内外溢油乳化过程的研究进展，主要从乳化物的形成，乳化物的性质及其研究手段、乳化过程的动力学及过程模拟等几方面进行了评述。目前大多数文献中关于乳化过程的研究偏重于化学组分的影响及作用方式，乳化物稳定性的化学因素等，而有关对油水乳化混合而乳化的动力学研究的报道较少，相应的过程模拟仍停留在80年代的水平。     

西藏冈底斯中段晚侏罗-早白垩世花岗岩特征

对西藏冈底斯中段1∶25万措麦区幅区域地质调查中新发现的侵入于晚古生代地层中被古近纪林子宗群火山岩喷发沉积不整合覆盖的尼雄超单元、许如错超单元进行了解体,划分了7个单元。许如错超单元同位素年龄值154.2 Ma±3.8 Ma(锆石U-Pb)、141 Ma(锆K-Ar),时代为晚侏罗世,尼雄岩体中获锆K-Ar法年龄值114 Ma、106 Ma,时代为早白垩世,其地球化学及同位素特征反应两岩体为过铝型高钾钙碱性壳幔混合型花岗岩,形成于活动陆缘火山弧构造环境,为大陆弧花岗岩,与雅江洋向北和班-怒洋向南俯冲有关。     

Performance of Pultruded Jute Fibre Reinforced Phenolic Composites as Building Materials for Door Frame

The pultruded jute/phenolic composites were aged under various humidity, hydrothermal and weathering conditions. Aging-induced effect of these conditions on the jute profiles was studied in terms of their physico-mechanical properties. It is observed that dimensional change of the profiles was only upto 4% even in an accelerated water aging condition. The effect of absorbed moisture/water on the jute profile was more pronounced in an accelerated water aging than the samples are being exposed to high humidity and alternate wetting and drying cycles. The changes in the values of internal bond strength of the profiles could be used as an indicator because of its sensitivity towards aging. Accentuation of fibres on the weathered samples along with severe resin erosion has suggested to layer the surface of the profiles with rich resin prior to use in the outdoor. The properties of jute profile door frame were satisfactory when compared with the requirements mentioned in IS: 4021–83 – Indian standard specification for timber door, window and ventilator frames. Performance of the installed door frame has shown no sign of dimensional instability in terms of warping and bulging after 3 years. It is suggested that jute door frames could be used as an alternative to the wooden door frames in buildings.