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811.
矿产资源可持续利用评价指标初探 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文分析了矿产资源可持续开发利用的概念及内涵、判据和方向,研究了矿产资源可持续开发利用评价指标体系组建的必要性、基本原则、总体框架和衡量参数 相似文献
812.
ABSTRACT: Most spatial decision support systems for natural resource planning and management are limited by their scenario-based (non-behavioral), deterministic (non-stochastic) structure. A spatial decision support system is developed that uses a multiple attribute decision-making model to explain how a property manager selects a land and water resource management system (LWRMS) based on its multiple, stochastic economic and environmental attributes. The decision support system assesses sustainable resource management at the property and watershed scales and identifies the most cost-effective policy for enhancing sustainable resource management. Economic attributes are determined with an economic model and environmental attributes are simulated with an environmental model. Input parameters for both models are generated with a geographic information system. The decision support system is used to rank five LWRMS for a sample of 20 farmers in Missouri's Goodwater Creek watershed and for two hypothetical watershed alliance groups. Results indicate that the average farmer and the two alliance groups would rank the five LWRMS in the same manner. From the viewpoint of the watershed alliance, the most preferred LWRMS for the average farmer in the watershed is sustainable. 相似文献
813.
F. N. Nnadi F. X. Kline H. L. Wray M. P. Wanielista 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(1):61-72
ABSTRACT: The objectives of this paper were to test the ability of various design storm distributions to simulate the actual rainfall pattern and to compare the runoff rates used in the design of stormwater management devices in the State of Florida using continuous simulation approach. The analyses were performed for four gaged stations to evaluate the applicability of design storm distributions in different parts of the State of Florida. The approach used in this study compared the peak runoff rates from design storms based on the various distributions to those that would result from actual rainfall events. A series of continuous runoff rates were developed through the use of actual fifteen-minute recorded rainfall data, Horton type infiltration decay and recovery rate, and a continuous simulation model. The runoff rates were analyzed using frequency distributions to obtain peak runoff rates associated with different return periods based on the assumption that the continuous simulation approach closely predicts the actual runoff rates from the gaged stations. The results show that the behavior of the design storm distributions varies for different watershed characteristics in different parts of the state. The study also suggests that in general the Florida Department of Transportation and the Suwanne River Water Management (FDOT/ SRWMD) distributions appeared to agree with the continuous simulation results. 相似文献
814.
以深圳市龙华镇为中心的324km2正方形区域为例,以1988~1996年期间的5幅景观遥感解译图为基本信息源,根据不同时段景观元素的结构特征,构造一个综合性生态风险指数,利用系统空间采样方法对生态风险指数进行变量空间化.通过对生态风险指数采样结果进行半变异函数分析和空间插值,可以解释生态风险的空间特征和内在形成机制.结果表明,1988~1996年,工作区内的生态风险强度不断增加,区域分布的不均匀性增大;南北方向为景观人为改造活动的主方向;沿梅澜和石龙两条高速公路沿线形成两条带状高生态风险区域,其中龙华镇中心及周围地区是急需采取保护性措施的重点区域. 相似文献
815.
José A. Donázar Alejandro Travaini Olga Ceballos Alejandro Rodríguez Miguel Delibes Fernando Hiraldo 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,45(1):55-65
Phenotype-limited interference models assume competitive asymmetries among conspecifics and unequal sharing of resources.
Their main prediction is a correlation between dominance status and patch quality: dominant individuals should preferentially
exploit better-quality habitats. We tested assumptions and predictions of the phenotype-limited interference model in Andean
condors (Vultur gryphus), a New World vulture with strong sexual size dimorphism (males are 30–40% heavier than females). We recorded searching birds
in habitats differing in quality: mountains and plains. We also observed scavenging behaviour at 20 sheep carcasses, and videotaped
5 of them. Intraspecific hierarchy at carcasses was based on size: males dominated females and, within each sex, older birds
dominated younger ones. Adult males and juvenile females occupied extreme positions in the feeding hierarchy. Aggression was
directed at those individuals belonging to lower hierarchical levels. In high-quality areas (mountains), more condors arrived
at carcasses. Juvenile females were more often observed searching in low-quality areas (plains), far from breeding areas and
main roost sites. GLM analyses of individual behaviour showed that the hierarchy did not influence time of arrival, but low-ranking
individuals spent more time at carcasses, especially if the number of condors at arrival was high. Additionally, low-ranking
condors spent less time feeding at carcasses when individuals of higher hierarchical levels were present. On the other hand,
the number of condors present had a positive effect on feeding rates of dominant individuals, probably because of a reduction
in individual vigilance. These results support most of the assumptions and predictions of the phenotype-limited distribution
model, although a spatial truncated distribution between phenotypes was not observed. Asymmetric feeding pay-off, unequal
parental roles and sexual selection constraints could favour sexual divergence in body size in Andean condors.
Received: 6 April 1998 / Accepted after revision: 11 July 1998 相似文献
816.
817.
街谷地区CO污染现状分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文分析了典型街谷地区CO污染的现状及其浓度的垂直分布和水平分布的变化情景。由监测结果可知,街谷地区CO浓度是较高的,而且峰值出现在采暖期。 相似文献
818.
吉林省城市大气降水pH值时空分异及成因 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过对吉林省8个代表城市1992-1997年大气降水观测数据的统计分析,对大气降水PH值的时空分异进行了探讨。结果表明:吉林省中西部城市大气降水基本呈中性;东部的图们,珲春两市大气降水酸化亚得,多年平均降水PH分别为5.12和5.38;全省碱性降水多集中在吉林市。 相似文献
819.
小麦-玉米轮作制度下潮土硝态氮的分布及合理施氮肥研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用田间小区试验研究了小麦-玉米轮作中在不同施氮量和不同时期潮土1m土层中硝态氮的计中状况结果表明:3年不施氮肥的土壤仍有6~16kg/hm2的硝态氮,其中0~20cm土层占20%~34%.80%~100cm上层占10%~18%;每季施氨量小于225kg/hm2时.1m上层中各时期硝态氮含量变化不大,在11.4~41.3kg/hm2之间;当施氮量增加到375kg/hm2时,1m土层的硝态氮含量增加1.5~7.4倍,有7.4%~29.9%分布在0~20cm上层中,10%~16%分布在80~100cm上层中225kg/hm2对作物斋求及对土壤环境来说是一个合理的施只量。 相似文献
820.
Ozone measurements along vertical transects in the Alps 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Herbert Werner Manfred Kirchner Gerhard Welzl Markus Hangartner 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(2):83-87
To investigate the vertical profiles of air pollutants in the boundary layer, aircraft and balloon-born measurements and measurements
using a cable car as an instrument platform have been performed in different parts of the Alps. This on-line monitoring of
atmospheric pollutants requires expensive and sophisticated techniques. In order to control ambient air quality in remote
regions, where no infrastructure like power supply is available, simple instruments are required. The objective of this study,
which was coordinated and evaluated by the GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit was first, to investigate the vertical
distribution of ozone in different parts of the Alps and secondly, in addition to continuous analyser measurements, to test
monitoring by means of two types of passive samplers. The selection of these samplers — one for one week use and another one
for two week application — was based on a passive sampler intercomparison done in a preliminary study one year earlier. 相似文献