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121.
姚清林 《防灾减灾工程学报》1996,(4)
在紧急地震救灾期往往来不及优选通往现场的最短路径,由于地震破坏城市的交通系统,改变其可通行性,震前又不能按照静态的最短路算法进行设计。因此,本文在进行路径可通行性破坏概率预测与控制的基础上,给出了为重点救灾目标设计最佳安全度最短路径的图与网络算法 相似文献
122.
Self-Organizing Maps for Integrated Environmental Assessment of the Mid-Atlantic Region 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
A new method has been developed to perform environmental assessment at regional scale. This involves a combination of a self-organizing map (SOM) neural network and principal component analysis (PCA). The method is capable of clustering ecosystems in terms of environmental conditions and suggesting relative cumulative environmental impacts of multiple factors across a large region. Using data on land-cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography of the Mid-Atlantic region, the method was able to indicate areas that are in relatively poor environmental condition or vulnerable to future deterioration. Combining the strengths of SOM with those of PCA, the method offers an easy and useful way to perform a regional environmental assessment. Compared with traditional clustering and ranking approaches, the described method has considerable advantages, such as providing a valuable means for visualizing complex multidimensional environmental data at multiple scales and offering a single assessment or ranking needed for a regional environmental assessment while still facilitating the opportunity for more detailed analyses. 相似文献
123.
Can machines recognise stress in plants? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ronald?Maldonado-RodriguezEmail author Stancho?Pavlov Alberto?Gonzalez Abdallah?Oukarroum Reto?J.?Strasser 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(3):201-205
In this paper we show that chlorophyll a fluorescence signals analysed with the self-organizing map (SOM) can be used as a routine tool for the monitoring and classification of pea varieties (Pisum sativum) according to their degree of resistance against drought stress. Fluorescence kinetics measurements were obtained from non-stressed plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of artificial intelligence techniques in eco-physiological research. Our goal is to provide a fast tool that will contribute to the knowledge needed to develop strategies that would help to decrease the impact of environmental stress in agriculture and forestry. 相似文献
124.
中国建筑抗震设计规范的演变与展望 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9
陈国兴 《防灾减灾工程学报》2003,23(1):102-113
地震区划图是编制抗震设计规范的基础资料。本文回顾了中国地震区划图和建筑抗震设计规范的发展简史,对1 956、1977、1990和2001年编制的中国地震区划图进行了简要比较,指出了4代区划图的差异;对1959、1964、1974、1989和2002年编制的中国建筑抗震设计规范或草案的抗震设计原则进行了比较,详细比较了5部规范或草案中关于地震作用的计算方法、场地分类和地基抗震有关规定的异同点,简要讨论了建筑抗震设计规范的发展方向。 相似文献
125.
Comparing Landslide Maps: A Case Study in the Upper Tiber River Basin, Central Italy 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
/ The preparation of landslide maps is an important step in any landslide hazard assessment. Landslides maps are prepared around the world, but little effort is made to assess their reliability, outline their main characteristics, and pinpoint their limitations. In order to redress this imbalance, the results of a long-term research project in the Upper Tiber River basin in central Italy are used to compare reconnaissance and detailed landslide inventory maps, statistical and geomorphologically based density maps, and landslide hazard maps obtained by multivariate statistical modeling. An attempt is made to discuss advantages and limitations of the available maps, outlining possible applications for decision-makers, land developers, and environmental and civil defence agencies. The Tiber experiment has confirmed that landslides can be cost-effectively mapped by interpreting aerial photographs coupled with field surveys and that errors and uncertainties associated with the inventory can be quantified. The experiment has shown that GIS makes it easy to prepare landslide density maps and facilitates the production of statistically based landslide hazard models. The former supply an overview of the distribution of landslides that is easily comprehended but do not provide insight on the causes of instability. The latter, giving insight into the causes of instability, are diagnostically powerful, but are difficult to prepare and exploit. 相似文献
126.
127.
应用AutoCAD二次开发技术,以AutoCAD作为程序的绘图环境,以Visual Basic.NET作为计算环境,针对线屏障和封闭屏障存在的声环境系统,开发了一套计算机程序,以实现声强分布计算和图形表达过程。采用对数加权的处理方法,计算多线屏障的影响;用"线段首尾连接"的方法来追踪等值点。 相似文献
128.
129.
土地管理措施对营养物质排放的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用分布式的非点源污染模型SWAT(soil and water assessment tool),结合GIS技术,模拟了张家冲小流域化肥施用量变化、等高种植和退耕还林对营养物质氮磷排放的影响.结果表明,当农业用地的氮肥施用量由630 kg/hm2增加到955 kg/hm2,磷肥施用量由200 kg/hm2增加到300 kg/hm2时,氮、磷营养物质排放量也呈现增大的趋势.其中,硝态氮负荷达到了3 776.59 kg,增加了19.7%,变化率最大,变化率最小的为无机磷,仅增加了2.7%.采取等高种植的方式对氮、磷排放负荷的影响较小.当小流域内坡度25%的坡耕地全部退耕还林后,各种形态氮、磷排放负荷下降,其中有机态磷下降16.3%;有机氮、氨氮和无机磷与退耕还林前相比,分别降低了22.7%,25.4%和27.9%,在张家冲小流域,对坡度25%的坡耕地实行退耕还林、减少化肥施用量对减少氮磷负荷排放作用明显. 相似文献
130.
探明煤层的展布情况和隐伏的地质构造对煤矿的安全生产至关重要。基于大量的瓦斯抽采钻孔的数据,提出了利用瓦斯抽采钻孔预测煤层隐伏构造的方法。通过现场记录钻孔基础数据,运用全角全距法求出钻孔在煤层(顶)底板控制点三维坐标,并建立数据库;利用Surfer数据内插和图形处理功能,绘制煤层顶(底)板三维模型、等值线图和残差图,实现煤层的可视化;根据等值线的疏密异常变化圈出煤层中存在的隐伏构造位置,采用数学地质分析方法判断隐伏构造的类型。通过在古汉山矿1603工作面的试验,证明该方法预测煤层隐伏构造切实可行。 相似文献