踩踏事故预防监控领域科学知识图谱研究*

为解决踩踏事故预防监控领域发展现状、发展趋势及发展脉络不清晰问题,运用可视化软件CiteSpace,对Web of Science核心合集及中国知网收集到的365篇相关文献开展知识图谱研究。结果表明:中国在踩踏事故预防监控领域发文量最多,占40.6%,其次为美国,占15.4%,29个国家间仅有25条合作连线;国内外研究热点集中于卷积神经网络等计算机视觉技术在踩踏事故预防监控领域应用;针对“踩踏事故预防监控”领域涵盖学术外延范围,国内外存在一定差别;梳理获得踩踏事故预防领域3条主要发展路径;以深度学习为主的技术研究是当前及未来一段时间研究热点。     

国内外典型大气腐蚀图及其绘制

大气腐蚀图描述了给定地域金属及金属镀层在大气环境中的腐蚀严酷度,可为装备钢结构的保护措施和长期维修方案的制定提供参考。国内外已绘制了很多大气腐蚀图,但由于国内相关人员对腐蚀图不甚了解,阻碍了大气腐蚀图在装备环境适应性设计中的应用。简要介绍了5类典型大气腐蚀等级图的绘制。     

水利工程高危作业人因评价体系中的认知图理论研究

为加强水利工程施工安全管理和预防事故发生,通过建立认知地图对高危作业中的人为因素进行了分析。在修订的人为因素分析与分类系统(HFACS)对高危作业人为因素进行识别的基础上,通过引入认知地图理论,建立了人为因素的因果认知地图并进行头节点、尾节点和中心性分析;提出认知广度和认知深度概念,通过数理统计各人为因素出现的频数和采用G1法求其各因素权重,建立二维平面认知地图,对事故的关键影响因素进行了识别和分析。结果表明:教育培训、作业环境和人员健康状况是导致高危作业事故最核心因素,该方法能有效对水利工程人为因素进行分析研究,具有一定适用性。     

Community-scale analysis of the farmland abandonment occurrence process in the mountain region of Ladakh,India

Farmland abandonment has been a significant issue in mountain regions. Thus, many studies have attempted to uncover its driving factors. Most existing studies take a large- or meso-scale view of mountain regions, and there are a few studies that provide community-level analysis. Therefore, it is unclear how ecological and sociopolitical factors are actually combined to influence farmland abandonment at a community level. Thus, we conducted a field survey in the mountain village of Ladakh, northern India, beginning in 2009 and tried to understand the farmland abandonment occurrence process from the viewpoint of traditional altitudinal models of land use. Using data collected during the survey, a relationship between altitude and farmland abandonment was established. However, this relationship was complex, combining traditional forms of land use system in the village. The altitudinal model of land use was very common in mountain regions; thus, discussions of current land use issues should be based on an understanding of such traditional altitudinal systems.     

A Voronoi diagram based population model for social species of wildlife

A population model is presented that accounts for spatial structure within habitat patches. It is designed for social species of wildlife that form social group home ranges that are much smaller than patch size. The model represents social group home ranges by Voronoi regions that tessellate a patch to form a Voronoi diagram. Neighbouring social groups are linked with habitat-confined shortest paths and form a dispersal network. The model simulates population dynamics and makes use of Voronoi diagrams and dispersal networks as a spatial component. It then produces density maps as outputs. These are maps that show predicted animal densities across the patches of a landscape. A construction procedure for the particular Voronoi diagram type used by the model is described. As a test case, the model is run for the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis), a small arboreal marsupial native to Australia. A time series of density maps are produced that show squirrel glider density changing across a landscape through time.     

基于化学分析和气象信息综合表征大气铅污染

对天津市1998年11月-1999年2月期间21个玻璃纤维滤膜大气颗粒物样品,采用稀酸浸出法溶解后,测量了ρ(Pb),w(Pb)和同位素丰度比206Pb/207Pb.采用IDAS软件对样品进行聚类分析,分组的结果表明,在不同的天气条件下,各种污染源排放的贡献也不同.48 h反向风迹图提供了大量详实的气象信息,结合ρ(TSP),ρ(Pb),w(Pb)和同位素丰度比的数据,可用于综合表征铅污染的状况.      

冀西北半干旱区等高植物篱面源污染控制机理

坡面养分流失是造成面源污染的主要形式.本研究利用冀西北黄土丘陵区的试验小区的长年观测资料,并结合野外全坡面大型人工模拟降雨试验及室外实验数据,分析了冀西北温带及半干旱地区等高植物篱对面源污染控制机理,得出在暴雨条件下细沟产生并导致侵蚀剧烈增加的临界坡长为10～15m;研究揭示出冀西北半干旱区面源污染形态以泥沙携带养分流失为主,等高植物篱控制面源污染的途径是控制土壤颗粒中的养分流失.     

边着色图上单色三角形个数的一种证明

通过赋权的方法讨论了单色三角形数量的范围,给出一种较简单的证明,介绍了板植图的存在性。     

Surfer软件在半封闭海湾环境质量综合评价中的应用研究

在介绍Surfer软件的基本原理的基础上,结合2012年胶州湾39个监测点位的水质数据,说明利用Surfer软件制作主要污染物等值线分布图及水质类别分布图的主要步骤,对水质分布类别和点位水质类别的一致性以及其中需注意的问题进行了探讨。利用Surfer软件制作半封闭海域的环境质量专题图件,水质分布情况更为明晰,可以为环境质量综合评价提供有效依据。