DEFINING REGIONAL POPULATIONS OF LAKES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY1

ABSTRACT: Topographic maps are commonly used to define populations of lakes in regional surveys of surface water quality. To illustrate the effect of different maps on that process, we compared the lakes represented on the 1:250,000-scale maps used for the Northeast Region of the Eastern Lake Survey—Phase I (ELS-I) to the lakes on a sample of large-scale maps (1:24,000 or 1:62,500). Lake areas at or near the lower limit of representation delimited “smallest-lake” values for the compared 1:250,000-scale maps. The regional median for these values was 4.5 hectares (ha) and ranged from 0.6 to 24.8 ha. Lake representation is influenced by cartographic limitations such as map scale, age, and complexity as well as the inherent variability of waterbodies (e.g., water level fluctuations or the creation of reservoirs, beaver impoundments, and oxbows). The total number of lakes on large-scale maps increased markedly as lake area decreased. Approximately 15,700 of the estimated 29,000 lakes in the EPA's Northeast Region were 1 to 4 ha in area. Because maps affect the size distribution of lakes included in a regional survey and because lake areas are thought to modify lake chemistry, maps ultimately affect the estimates of regional surface water quality.     

大气二氧化硫质控图的探讨

通过对全程序空白与已知浓度二氧化硫标准溶液的对照分析，提出了大气二氧化硫分析中质控图的做法。     

河流污染治理任务路线图制定方法及其在海河流域的应用

针对河流水污染治理的长期性、复杂性和系统性要求,参考技术路线图的制定原则和一般步骤,吸纳制定重要领域科技路线图的系统方法,从需求分析、任务布局、特征目标界定、实施阶段和技术重点等方面,建立了制定河流治理路线图的一般方法,并在海河流域开展应用研究,分析了海河流域河流水污染治理的问题和需求、确定了治理的战略任务,确立了水污染治理的特征目标,提出了海河流域河流水污染治理的路线图,为流域河流污染治理和生态修复提供前瞻性的战略指导和支撑.     

Web-based GIS for collaborative planning and public participation: an application to the strategic planning of wind farm sites

Spatial planning typically involves multiple stakeholders. To any specific planning problem, stakeholders often bring different levels of knowledge about the components of the problem and make assumptions, reflecting their individual experiences, that yield conflicting views about desirable planning outcomes. Consequently, stakeholders need to learn about the likely outcomes that result from their stated preferences; this learning can be supported through enhanced access to information, increased public participation in spatial decision-making and support for distributed collaboration amongst planners, stakeholders and the public. This paper presents a conceptual system framework for web-based GIS that supports public participation in collaborative planning. The framework combines an information area, a Multi-Criteria Spatial Decision Support System (MC-SDSS) and an argumentation map to support distributed and asynchronous collaboration in spatial planning. After analysing the novel aspects of this framework, the paper describes its implementation, as a proof of concept, in a system for Web-based Participatory Wind Energy Planning (WePWEP). Details are provided on the specific implementation of each of WePWEP's four tiers, including technical and structural aspects. Throughout the paper, particular emphasis is placed on the need to support user learning throughout the planning process.     

3S技术在流域水资源评价图中的应用——以湖北省漳河流域为例

水资源评价图是一种既传统又崭新的评价结果表现形式,它以可视化方式来反映水资源的特点和规律,具有直观形象等特点,是利用和保护水资源科学决策的基本手段。3S技术已经在很多领域得到了广泛的发展和应用,根据水资源评价图研究现状和特点确定3S技术在制作流域水资源图中可行性。以湖北省漳河流域水资源评价系列图的制作为例,提出了3S技术支持下评价图制作的程序,分析了3S技术支持下水资源评价图制作的具体内容、方法及3S在评价图制作中的关键作用,RS和GIS结合可以更好地实现数据的插补,GPS和GIS结合可以获取精度更高的定位数据,符号库的扩充可以更客观、形象地展示评价结果,最后指出这种方法相对于传统手工制图的优点,是规划图件制作的必然趋势。     

噪声地图在环境噪声监测中的应用

以青岛理工大学新校区为例,采用变网格划分法,研究了基于地理信息系统(GIS)的噪声地图在区域环境噪声评价方面的应用。结果表明,噪声预测系统结合GIS,以数字与渲染图的方式能够直观地展现噪声污染在环境区域的分布状况,可用于指导区域的规划和环境噪声评价。     

基于风险评估模型的环境风险地图研究

环境风险地图基于地理信息系统(GIS)对信息和数据的空间分析,通过各种风险评估或预测模型,将评估的结果以空间方式展示出来.由于环境风险地图直观、信息量大的优点,有助于环境风险管理以及突发事件的应急反应和实时决策.对风险地图种类作了概述,总结风险制图中需注意的问题以及国内外风险地图的应用研究以及发展情况.     

固氮植物篱改善退化坡耕地土壤养分状况的效果

在四川宁南县坡地农业实验站对固氮植物篱在坡耕地上防治水土流失和改良土壤的效果进行了长期定位研究．结果表明等高固氮植物篱在防治土壤养分退化方面效果明显：与传统顺坡种植（ＣＫ） 相比,在坡耕地上培植新银合欢（Ｌｅｕｃａｅｎａｌｅｕｃｏｃｅｐｈａｌａ） 等高植物篱和山毛豆（Ｔｅｐｈｒｏｓｉａ ｃａｎｄｉｄａ）等高植物篱,正常耕作３～６ ａ 后,作物带土壤全氮可增加８０％ ～１３０％ ,有机质增加２０％ ～４０％ ,有效钾和阳离子交换量等养分均有不同程度增加．由于肥力状况改善,等高植物篱处理的农作物产量也明显高于ＣＫ．     

滑坡灾害危险性评价信息图谱研究——以福建省莆田市为例

近年来,滑坡灾害频繁发生且极大地危害着人类的生产生活,因此,如何快速有效地进行滑坡灾害危险性分析与评价,进而为滑坡的预测、预报及风险管理服务是一个亟待解决的问题。以莆田市为例,通过将地学信息图谱应用到滑坡灾害危险性评价中,构建莆田市高程、岩性、坡度、坡向影响因子信息图谱,并在此基础上得出莆田市滑坡灾害危险性评价信息图谱,以一系列的图谱直观地反映了莆田市滑坡发生的机制及滑坡危险性空间分布情况,反演了莆田市滑坡发生的时空变化规律,为滑坡灾害预测提供了矢量化的图形信息。