日照市畜牧业生产对环境的污染及其防治措施研究

畜禽粪便中大量有机污染物污染着人们赖以生存的土壤和水体,粪尿分解产生的大量有害气体污染了大气。本文结合日照市畜牧业生产的实际,对日照市畜牧业生产对环境的污染现状进行了分析,找出了日照市畜牧业生产对环境污染产生的主要原因和存在问题,提出畜牧业生产对环境污染的防治对策。     

Determination of 10 particle-associated multiclass polar and semi-polar pesticides from small streams using accelerated solvent extraction

A new analytical method using accelerated solvent extraction was developed for the determination of 10 particle-associated polar and semipolar pesticides. In addition, six deuterated analogues of the target compounds were evaluated as internal standards. The method yielded acceptable accuracy (73–103% recovery) and precision (<25% relative standard deviation) for eight compounds. Using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) as cleanup step resulted in higher recoveries compared to solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup.

Deuterated standards with 10 or more deuterium atoms performed well as internal standards concerning similar recovery and correlation with the target analytes.

The method was employed to extract particle-associated pesticides from 16 streams located in an area with intense agriculture in France. Acetochlor, pirimicarb, tebuconazole, fenpropidin, -endosulfan and chlorfenvinphos were detected at concentrations up to 1 mg kg⁻¹ dry weight. A comparison with aquatic toxicity data indicated potential risk to the benthic fauna exposed to these concentrations of pirimicarb, -endosulfan and chlorfenvinphos.

We suggest that the method presented here be used for the extraction and quantitation of particle-associated polar pesticides.     

我国消防标准体系分析

为明确我国消防标准体系发展的方向和重点,分别从消防标准的数量、标龄、类型、属性和采标情况等5个方面对我国消防标准体系进行分析,并与国际标准化组织、欧盟标准化委员会和美国的消防标准体系进行了比较。研究结果表明:我国消防标准体系整体适用性在不断增强;需制定周期性标准复审计划;消防基础试验类和管理类标准应成为下一步消防标准制修订的重点;消防强制性标准所占比例有待进一步下调;需建立国际标准动态跟踪机制,同时应注重将我国先进的消防标准转化为国际标准。     

企业安全管理体系标准模式的比较研究

采用对比分析法和实证分析法,对当前国内外流行的企业安全管理体系标准模式及其评价方法进行比较研究,旨在把握诸多标准模式的原则、路径、结构、方法和共性特征及其可以发挥的具体优点,将研究的标准模式的评价方法归纳为两大类即体系认证审核法和综合考评打分法,并对两类评价方法的优缺点进行剖析。体系认证审核法的优点是过程方法、符合性及抽样,考评打分法则提供了安全绩效准则。对吸收融合两类评价方法的优点形成综合性评价方法的途径和方式进行了探讨,为企业建立有效、适用的安全管理体系提供了依据。     

劳动防护服号型设置的研究

本文对劳动防护服的号型设置进行了分析与研究。《劳动防护服号型》是各类劳动防护服制作中广泛使用的基础性国家标准,依据当前劳动者人体尺寸的统计分析和企业劳动防护服生产供应实际情况,科学合理设置服装号型,以符合国家标准的科学性、实用性以及增强劳动防护服的舒适性功能。     

Evaluation of a healthcare safety climate measurement tool

Problem

Psychometrically validated measurement tools are needed to evaluate an organization's safety climate. In 2000, Gershon and colleagues published a new healthcare safety climate measurement tool to determine its relationship to safe work behavior (Gershon, R., Karkashian, C., Grosch, J., Murphy, L., Escamilla-Cejudo, A., Flanagan, P., et al. (2000). Hospital safety climate and its relationship with safe work practices and workplace exposure incidents. American Journal of Infection Control, 28, 211-21). The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Gershon tool when modified to address respiratory rather than bloodborne pathogen exposures.

Method

Medical practitioners, nurses, and nurse aides (n = 460) were surveyed using the modified Gershon tool. Data were analyzed by factor analysis and psychometric properties of the tool evaluated.

Results

Eight safety climate dimensions were extracted from 25 items (Cronbach's alpha range: 0.62 - 0.88). Factor extractions and psychometric properties were reasonably consistent with those of the Gershon tool.

Impact on Industry

The Gershon safety climate tool appears to have sufficient reliability and validity for use by healthcare decision makers as an indicator of employee perceptions of safety in their institution.     

Elemental Mercury Control by Novel Oxidant and Sorbent in an Entrained-Flow System

An entrained-flow system has been designed and constructed to simulate in-flight mercury capture by sorbents in ducts of coal-fired utility plants. The test conditions of 1.5 s residence time, 140°C temperature, 4.5 ppbv inlet Hg⁰ concentration, and 0–20 lb/MMacf sorbent injection rates were chosen to simulate conditions in the ducts. Novel oxidants developed in previous fixed-bed tests and novel sorbents derived from the novel oxidants were tested for their Hg⁰ capture in the entrained-flow system to examine the possibility of using those sorbents in a full-scale system. Darco-FGD and Darco Hg-LH served as benchmark sorbents with which mercury control capability of the novel oxidants and novel sorbents could be compared. The test results showed that the novel oxidants have remarkable Hg⁰ oxidation capability, and the novel sorbents showed a better performance in Hg⁰ removal than Darco Hg-LH.     

我区城市污水处理程度探讨

建立城市污水处理厂处理污水,是城市发展的必然趋势,而处理级别及处理后水的去向及用途是关系到环境保护和资源得到充分利用的关键,针对我区干旱缺水,灌溉农业特征及天然水域的特点,就污水处理级别排水的用途提出一些看法。     

生物过滤技术在大气污染控制中的应用

生物过滤是控制大气污染的经济有效技术,具有较好的发展前景。本文介绍了生物过滤技术处理废气的研究,应用历史,现状,和生物过滤理论,分析了工艺的使用范围,设计及运行控制要点,列举了应用的范例。     

青藏公路路堤边坡水土保持措施及效益分析

公路建设加速了区域的原有侵蚀,为了摸清公路边坡的侵蚀特征,寻找有效的防治措施,在青藏公路边坡布设不同水土保持措施的径流观测小区,进行了两年的观测（2003年和2004年）,结果表明：（1）工程措施具有较好的水土保持效益,其减流（减沙）效益在第一年和第二年分别达到3883％（8189％）和48.72％（9581％）,其中截排水措施的水土保持效益一方面说明公路路面来水也是边坡侵蚀的重要动力,有效拦截路面来水将会极大地减少径流和泥沙,另一方面也说明要提高公路边坡土壤侵蚀的预测能力,应该将路面来水作为重要的驱动力之一;（2）植被措施可以起到一定的减流减沙效果,其中人工植被措施有很大的潜力,其减蚀效益都在50％以上;（3）综合措施表现出了极好的水土保持效益（减流在40％以上,减沙在97％以上）,尤其土工格室+植被措施,兼具水土保持与景观双重效益。该研究可以为青藏高原地区的水土保持设计和生态环境保护规划提供数据支持。〖