河流污染物通量估算方法分析(Ⅱ)——时空平均离散通量误差判断

提出了一个简单的通量误差判断公式,对于采用以时空平均的一维对流量方式估算河流通量,提出了限制的条件,即排除不可靠的通量估值的方法,就河流离散通量对于通量估算的影响提供了误差判断分析方法.      

论海洋污染的国际法规制

海洋环境保护是国际环境保护的重要组成部分,而国际社会的合作是构建海洋环境保护国际法制的有效路径。本研究梳理了海洋环境保护立法的历史演变,分析了《联合国海洋法公约》在海洋环境保护中的意义,从陆地来源、船舶、倾倒、远洋油气和矿产资源开发造成海上污染的四个方面着重论述了海洋环境污染与国际法保护问题,最后总结了国际海洋环境保护立法中的教训。     

论《生物多样性公约》国家履行策略

《生物多样性公约》已于1993年12月29日生效,中国是《公约》缔约国之一。《公约》对各缔约国规定了若干义务,主要有生物多样性的保护,包括就地保护和移地保护;生物多样性组成部分的持续利用;遗传资源的取得;生物多样性保护与利用技术（包括生物技术）的取得与转让;等等。本文针对上述关键条款的义务,结合我国国情,特别是结合我国在此领域的已有工作成就和现状,在国家水平上提出履行《公约》义务的策略和需要优先实施的行动措施。此外,还结合《公约》谈判的国际背景,提出我国今后在《公约》关键条款履行及谈判方面的对策。     

短链氯化石蜡研究现状

作为一种潜在的持久性有机污染物,短链氯化石蜡(Short chain chlorinated paraffins,SCCPs)近年来正在接受斯德哥尔摩公约的审查。它具有持久性、生物富集性,长距离迁移、高毒性等特点,可能会对生态环境和人体健康造成威胁,目前许多国家已经对SCCPs推出了禁令。中国生产的氯化石蜡(CPs)由于没有相关产品标准的限制,其成份多少都会含有一定SCCPs,中国每年都会消费大量的CPs,在消耗的同时会产生较大的排放量,这些排放所造成的潜在环境污染风险是不可估量的。本文通过查阅相关文献,对短链氯化石蜡研究现状进行了整理。     

科技攻关防沙止漠综合整治西北国土——"荒漠化治理技术研究与示范"项目评述

本文论述了“九五”国家科技攻关项目“荒漠化治理技术研究与示范”，在我国北方沙地整治和西北地区生态环境建设中的示范作用，并详细分析了所取得的成果和技术创新以及由此而产生的深远影响，为有关研究和决策机构提供一定的参考。     

昆明市会展旅游发展初探

昆明市地处云贵高原，具有得天独厚的自然环境，自然景观、人文旅游景观和科研考察资源丰富，有发展会展旅游的有利条件，但也存在经济基础较差、离中国政治经济中心较远等制约性因素。通过对昆明市发展会展旅游的有利条件和存在问题的分析，将该市会展旅游发展目标定位为会议目的地和与旅游关系密切的展览展示节会目的地，并针对目前会展旅游中存在的问题，提出了发展会展旅游的若干措施。     

《国际船舶压载水和沉积物管理与控制公约》简介

介绍了国际海事组织新通过的《国际船舶压载水和沉积物管理与控制公约》的主要要求，包括公约本身的条款和技术负责的规定，该公约是IMO通过的第一个涉及生物入侵方面的海洋环境保护公约，将会对各国船队产生重要影响。     

环境(非关税)贸易壁垒判析及其对策探讨

ＷＴＯ中有关环境的，国际环境公约、ＩＳＯ１４０００、等有关条款，本身并非绿色贸易壁垒，基于此，分析了绿色贸易壁垒的起因特征，对其相模糊的条款与规定，有可能成为绿色贸易壁垒的误区作了判析，提出了绿色贸易壁垒的５种形式：环境税、市场准入、环境技术标准、环境标志和贸易制裁，以及我国的对策思路。     

Effect of preozonation on improvement of settleability of solid in highly concentrated organic wastewater of Japanese wheat and sweet potato spirit-distillery

Solid-liquid separation of the wastewater is very difficult because of high viscosity and high SS concentration. In this study, the effectiveness of preozonation on improving the settleability of the solids in wheat and sweet potato wastewaters was investigated using a bench-scale system and pilot treatment system respectively. Results showed that solid-liquid separation in the wheat wastewater was greatly improved by the decanter in the system(SS reduction from 24100 mg/L to 100 mg/L). However, preozonation practice did not show a significant effect on solid-liquid separation of the sweet potato wastewater. Effect of preozonation on solid-liquid separation between wheat and sweet potato wastewater showed different.     

Evaluating global interest in biodiversity and conservation

The first target of the Convention for Biological Diversity (Aichi target 1) was to increase public awareness of the values of biodiversity and actions needed to conserve it—a key prerequisite for other conservation targets. Monitoring success in achieving this target at a global scale has been difficult; however, increased digitization of human life in recent decades has made it easier to measure people's interests at an unprecedented scale and allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of Aichi target 1 than previously attempted. We used Google search volume data for over a thousand search terms related to different aspects of biodiversity and conservation to evaluate global interest in biodiversity and its conservation. We also investigated the correlation of interest in biodiversity and conservation across countries to variables related to biodiversity, economy, demography, research, education, internet use, and presence of environmental organizations. From 2013 to 2020, global searches for biodiversity components increased, driven mostly by searches for charismatic fauna (59% of searches were for mammal species). Searches for conservation actions, driven mostly by searches for national parks, decreased since 2019, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic inequality was negatively correlated with interest in biodiversity and conservation, whereas purchasing power was indirectly positively correlated with higher levels of education and research. Our results suggest partial success toward achieving Aichi target 1 in that interest in biodiversity increased widely, but not for conservation. We suggest that increased outreach and education efforts aimed at neglected aspects of biodiversity and conservation are still needed. Popular topics in biodiversity and conservation could be leveraged to increase awareness of other topics with attention to local socioeconomic contexts.