用聚合硫酸铁絮凝法处理缫丝煮茧废水实验室试验

介绍了用絮凝法处理重庆北碚缫丝厂煮茧废水试验。结果证明，在适合的絮凝条件下，用聚合硫酸铁－聚丙烯酰胺处理废水，ＣＯＤ和色度法去除率达７８％和９６％，而用聚合硫酸铁－过氧化氢处理，ＣＯＤ和色度去除率都可达９２％。     

新型湿法离心式油烟净化器及技术经济分析

采用湿法和离心法等净化原理,研制了一种复合式油烟净化装置;该装置结构简单,制作成本每1000m3烹调油烟废气在800～1500元左右,运行维护简单,不需要人工清洗,试验结果显示,油烟净化效率在80%以上,最高可达到92%,与相同效率的油烟净化设备相比,初投资和运行费用都较低。     

饮食业油烟污染与处理技术研究

分析了油烟中的主要污染物成分，介绍了油烟对人体健康的几种危害，并对现有的五种处理技术：惯性分离、过滤分离、洗涤去除、静电沉积、复合技术进行了详尽的分析比较，列举了一些应用实例。     

厨房油烟湿式迷宫分离净化设备的实验研究

利用油烟的特点,在水雾水膜式油烟净化基础上建立迷宫分离油烟装置.从降低能耗和提高油烟捕集效率的角度出发,利用统计学方法建立数学模型,按照正交设计布置试验,进行因素方差分析,应用SPSS、MATLAB软件进行正交设计数据处理,实现产品的结构优化.结果表明,湿式迷宫分离段的最优结构布置方式为:分离装置空腔直径为15 mm、宽度50 mm及表面波纹角度90°,并采用插板式滤油水箱治理含油废水,减少二次污染.本装置在传统油烟分离技术的基础上,结合离心分离、冷凝凝并、液体吸收净化、碱性除油等作用,提高了复合油烟净化设备的净化效率,减少油烟雾中的过水量,其最佳油烟气净化效率可达到96.91%.     

Leaching of aluminium from cookwares -- a review

Concern over the possible relation between environmental aluminium exposure and Alzheimer's disease has prompted studies of all forms of human intake of this element including that from foods. Aluminium cookware, apart from other sources of dietary aluminium, is considered to be a potential source of this metal to human beings. Various research groups have carried out aluminium leaching experiments with food, beverages and water under different experimental conditions modified by varying the level of pH, chloride, fluoride, citrate, acetate etc. The results reported by different workers show marked discrepancies in levels of leached aluminum. The apparent reason for such discrepancy in levels of aluminum leached can be attributed to factors such as non-systematic and non-uniform experimental designs, non-standard conditions maintained during the experiments and choice of method for aluminium analysis. In order to assess accurately the contribution of aluminium ingestion by human beings through aluminium cookware, the present review emphasises the need of i) standard size aluminium plates obtained from the same lot for one set of experimentations; ii) real life cooking conditions to highlight the role of various complexing species present in food e.g. citrate, oxalate, acetate, tartrate etc.; iii) role of chemistry of aluminium in presence of acidic, basic and neutral cooking medium and iv) strict analytical control in the estimation of aluminium. Results of a systematic study by the authors conducted on the abovementioned lines are also described.     

北京市餐饮业大气污染物排放特征

餐饮业是中国大型城市大气环境污染源之一.为了解餐饮业大气污染物的产生能力,本研究以北京为研究对象,选取41家不同菜系的餐饮企业,现场实地检测了净化设备前端的油烟、颗粒物和非甲烷总烃(NMHC)的产生浓度水平.结果表明,净化前油烟、颗粒物和NMHC的初始平均浓度约为1.93、 6.6和10.9 mg·m~(-3).提出了一种基于工作日与非工作日的估算污染物排放总量的计算方法.并基于北京市餐饮企业数量和本研究测得的排放因子,初步估算了2019年全市餐饮源主要污染物的初始产生总量,油烟、颗粒物和NMHC的年排放总量分别为5 512、 18 849和6 169 t.川湘菜、烧烤、烤鸭与家常菜产生的油烟与颗粒物浓度的Pearson系数均0.6,具有强相关性;其中川湘菜和烤鸭排放的Pearson系数均0.8,呈现极强相关性.     

英国废弃烹调油再生利用现状分析

以英国废弃烹调油的回收、处理和再生利用的产品为主线,结合与其相关的政策、法规及有效激励方法在废弃烹调油再生利用管理过程中的作用,详细介绍了英国废弃烹调油再生利用的管理现状,以期对我国废弃烹调油及其他废弃物的循环经济实践提供具体的参考案例。     

Promotional effect of transition metal doping on the properties of KF/CaO catalyst for biodiesel synthesis

A series of heterogeneous KF/CaO catalysts modified with transition metals (lanthanum, cerium, and zirconium) were prepared via wet impregnation method and applied to the trsansesterification process of waste cooking oil (WCO) as feedstock with methanol to biodiesel production. The structure, performance of the solid catalysts was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed desorption of CO₂ (CO₂-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The effect of methanol/oil molar ratio, ¹reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, and stability was investigated. The results showed that 10 wt% of lanthanum, cerium, and zirconium improved the catalytic activity of KF/CaO catalyst. The maximum catalytic activity using the lanthanum doping of 10wt% on KF/CaO catalyst was reached 98.7% under the optimal reaction condition of methanol/oil molar ratio of 12:1, reaction for 1 h at reaction temperature of 65°C, and 4% (wt/wt oil) catalyst amount. In addition, the FAME yield of KF/CaO/La catalyst remained higher than 95% after 10 cycles. The promotional effect of lanthanum doping could be attributed to the enhancement of the basicity strength of KF/CaO catalyst and block the leach of Ca²⁺ in the transesterification reaction.     

等离子体协同MnOx/SBA-15催化降解正己醛的研究

采用浸渍法制备了MnOx/SBA-15催化剂,利用BET、XRD和SEM等对催化剂进行表征。考察了介质阻挡放电等离子体协同MnOx/SBA-15催化剂对正己醛的降解性能。结果显示,负载MnOx后的SBA-15仍然保持介孔结构,且MnOx均匀地分散在SBA-15中;等离子体与催化剂表现出较好的协同作用,干燥条件下7.5 kV的放电电压结合10%MnOx/SBA-15时降解效果最佳,正己醛去除率达99%;相比干燥条件,相对湿度低于20%时正己醛去除率变化不明显,但高于20%时催化效果明显下降;该催化剂具有很强的O3分解能力,O3在催化剂表面的分解不仅促进了正己醛的氧化,同时也提高了CO2的选择性。     

Clean energy,clean water,and quality education: Prospects of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Sri Lanka

The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 targets universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services by 2030. Modern or clean energy is perceived to be the golden thread that connects economic growth, human development, and environmental sustainability. However, one third of the world's population still uses solid fuels for cooking, endangering human health, and the environment. This paper, therefore, analyses demographic, socio-economic, and housing characteristics that affect the fuel choice for cooking. Further, it identifies how SDG 4 (quality education) and SDG 6 (clean water) create synergies with SDG 7 (clean energy). The data are obtained from the four waves of the Sri Lankan Households Income and Expenditure Survey, covering more than 79,000 households. The random-effects panel multinomial logit results reveal that household income, wealth, marital status and education of the head, age and education of the spouse, household size, number of children, housing characteristics, and residential sector are vital in selecting clean fuel for cooking. Furthermore, advanced sustainability analysis shows SDG 4 and 6 have a strong synergistic effect on SDG 7. Policymakers can use the findings to prioritise educational, water, and sanitation programmes in national policies aimed at enhancing the use of clean cooking fuel and technologies to meet SDG 7 by 2030.