新型液体洗涤法处理次食业油烟装置的试验研究

主要对液体洗涤法处理油烟工艺进行了研究，利用其处理原理白行设计了一套处理油烟装置，并通过实验进行了参数的选择和优化，得出采用1‰的NaOH＋1‰的洗涤剂（质量浓度）的混合液为淋洗液，填料高度5～6cm，则去除率能达到80％以上，且实验证实其处理效果达到了国家规定的最低净化率。     

饮食业油烟净化技术综合评价

本文首先通过专家调查的方法建立了饮食业油烟净化技术综合评价指标体系,并确定相应的权数,然后采用模糊决策分析方法对现有净化技术进行了分析评价。结果表明,复合式和静电式技术是现有各种技术中最好的。     

等离子体协同MnO_x/SBA-15催化降解正己醛的研究

采用浸渍法制备了MnOx/SBA-15催化剂,利用BET、XRD和SEM等对催化剂进行表征。考察了介质阻挡放电等离子体协同MnOx/SBA-15催化剂对正己醛的降解性能。结果显示,负载MnOx后的SBA-15仍然保持介孔结构,且MnOx均匀地分散在SBA-15中;等离子体与催化剂表现出较好的协同作用,干燥条件下7.5 kV的放电电压结合10%MnOx/SBA-15时降解效果最佳,正己醛去除率达99%;相比干燥条件,相对湿度低于20%时正己醛去除率变化不明显,但高于20%时催化效果明显下降;该催化剂具有很强的O3分解能力,O3在催化剂表面的分解不仅促进了正己醛的氧化,同时也提高了CO2的选择性。     

厨房排烟系统的设计

根据厨房排烟净化设备的设计与安装实践,对厨房排烟系统的构成作了介绍,给出了厨房理论排烟风量的计算方法以及集气罩、排风管道及风机的设计选型原则,可以指导饮食业油烟净化器的选型,保证油烟净化器的运行效果。     

An investigation of engine and fuel system performance in a diesel engine operating on waste cooking oil

Waste cooking oil (WCO) was experimentally examined to determine whether it can be used as an alternative fuel in a 3-cylinder, 4-stroke, direct injection, 48 kW power tractor engine. The test engine was operated under full load conditions using diesel fuel and waste vegetable oil from the 2400 to 1100 rpm and performance values were recorded. Tests were performed in two stages to evaluate the effect of the waste oils on the engine life cycle. When the test engine was operated with diesel fuel and waste cooking oil; engine torque decreased between at ratio of 0.09 % and 3% according to the engine speed. While no significant difference occurs in the diesel fuel tests at the end of 100 hours of operation, an important reduction was observed in the engine torque of the WCO engine between 4.21% and 14.48% according to the engine speed, and an increase in average smoke opacity ratio was also observed. In accordance with the results obtained from the studies, it was determined that the engine performance values of waste cooking oil show similar properties with diesel fuel, but in long-term usage, performance losses increased. In the SEM analysis performed on the fuel system, there were dark deposits at the nozzle tip and stem. According to an EDX analysis at the nozzle tips, the detected elements point to engine oil ash in the combustion chamber and show coking products (C and O). The other elements (Na, S, Ca, P, Cl, and K) point to used WCO.     

餐饮源气相与颗粒相多环芳烃排放特征

多环芳烃(PAHs)是导致大气二次污染严重和臭氧浓度高的原因之一.通过对深圳市3家商业性餐馆和1家食品加工厂的采样调查,分析对比了我国主要中式餐饮源排放的PAHs在气相和颗粒相之间的差异,也重点关注了餐饮源烷基PAHs的排放特征.结果表明,食品加工厂排放的颗粒相和气相ρ(总PAHs)为(1 381.6±140.5)ng...     

Carbon black-benzo(a)pyrene complex-induced apoptosis and autophagy blockage in rat alveolar macrophages

Abstract

Cooking of foods and the burning of biomass and fossil fuels in stoves are the main sources of cooking fumes, with carbon black and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as main components. The toxicity of carbon black and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been well studied individually, but the combined toxicity is much less understood. Carbon black can adsorb benzo(a)pyrene to form a complex which displays an altered physical form which in this study has been constructed to simulate particles in the cooking fumes and explore the combined toxic effect on rat alveolar macrophages. The complex-induced cell apoptosis and blocked cell autophagy flux compared with both individually. The mechanism of toxicity may be by intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, impairing the mitochondrial membrane potential and activating apoptosis signaling pathways.     

室内多环芳烃污染源的化学组成特征研究

运用环境舱模拟源排放的方法采集了烹调油烟与环境烟草烟雾的样本,对18种PAHs进行了定量分析.比较了不同食用油与不同品牌香烟产生PAHs组成特征的差异,初步建立了2类室内PAHs来源的化学成分谱.结果表明:烹调油烟中3环以下的PAHs为主体,Fluo,Pyr和Flu相对含量较为稳定;香烟烟雾以3～4环组分为主体,Flu,Phe,InP和BaA较为稳定,Cor含量较烹调油烟而言显著增加.2类源的ρ(BaA)/ρ(Chy),ρ(BeP)/ρ(BaP)与ρ(InP)/ρ(BghiP)稳定且存在显著差异,可以用来解析室内PAHs以及PAHs暴露的来源.运用等效毒理学因子估算了其危害程度,结果表明:每100 g食用油在烹调过程(60 min)中释放产生PAHs的毒理学效应仅为吸烟过程中每g烟草所产生PAHs毒理效应的一半.      

饮食业后堂噪声综合控制技术研究

分析了饮食业后堂噪声的频率特性,采取隔声、吸声、消声控制技术和防油雾措施,并独创设计了一种排油烟通风复合消声器,解决了同时排油烟和降噪的难题,得出了饮食业后堂噪声综合控制的有效工艺。经2年的实际应用证明,降噪能力强,可满足60dB(A)的区域环境标准的要求,效果稳定,是一项值得推广的技术。特别是排油烟通风复合消声器、通风消声窗及“声闸”的设计参数,可在同类噪声控制中推广应用。     

《饮食业油烟排放标准》(试行)需修订

于 2 0 0 0年 7月 1日起实施的《饮食业油烟排放标准》(试行 ) (GWPB5 -2 0 0 0 )标准 ,在实际工作中可操作性差 ,采样方法不科学 ,油烟允许排放浓度定值过高 ,失去监控目的 ,需修订。