碳纤维束汞膜电极法测定汽车尾气中的铅

介绍了碳纤维束汞膜微电极的制作过程,研究此电极的伏安特性,用阳极溶出伏安法测定汽车尾气中的铅含量,确定适宜的实验条件,该法简便,快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,检出限为０．１ｎｇ．ｍｌ＾－１,线性范围１．０－２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ＾－１,相对标准偏差９．４％。     

Assessment of New Vehicles Emissions Certification Standards in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City

Light duty gasoline vehicles account for most of CO hydrocarbons and NOx emissions at the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City (MAMC). In order to ameliorate air pollution from the beginning of 2001, Tier 1 emission standards became mandatory for all new model year sold in the country. Car manufacturers in Mexico do not guarantee the performance of their exhaust emissions systems for a given mileage. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the Tier 1 vehicles will stand the certification values for at least 162000 km with the regular fuel available at the MAMC. Mileage accumulation and deterioration show that certified carbon monoxide emissions will stand for the useful life of the vehicles but in the case of non-methane hydrocarbons will be shorter by 40%, and nitrogen oxides emissions above the standard will be reached at one third of the accumulated kilometers. The effect of gasoline sulfur content, on the current in use Tier 1 vehicles of the MAMC and the impact on the emissions inventory in year 2010 showed that 31000 extra tons of NOx could be added to the inventory caused by the failure of the vehicles to control this pollutant at the useful life of vehicles.     

离子色谱法测定废气中的甲酸和乙酸

阐述了离子色谱法测定废气中甲酸、乙酸含量的方法和步聚。甲酸、乙酸检出限分别为0.02mg/L和0.05mg/L,方法平均回收率分别为92%和95%。本方法分析速度快,所需样品量少,且无需复杂的前处理。     

饮食业油烟道火灾事故概率的模糊事故树分析

根据常规事故树定量计算中基本事件概率的不确定性问题,通过引入模糊集的概念,将常规事故树中基本事件的发生概率模糊化,用三角形模糊数代替确定性发生概率,应用模糊数截集方法,推导了模糊事故树的相关算法.采用模糊事故树方法得到饮食业油烟道火灾事故发生概率,并进行了敏感性分析,找出对顶事件发生概率影响较大的基本事件,确认减小油烟道火灾事故发生的相关措施.研究表明,饮食业油烟道火灾事故概率的模糊事故树分析是切实可行的,有助于对饮食业油烟道火灾的认识、预防和扑救工作.     

餐饮业油烟道火灾研究综述

从餐饮业油烟道火灾事故统计出发,概括了我国油烟道火灾事故分类、事故原因分析、油烟道火灾探测、灭火剂、灭火设备的研究进展,分析了我国油烟道火灾的研究与国外的差距,并指出了我国在油烟道火灾领域存在的问题,最后提出了防治油烟道火灾的思路。     

地铁车厢机械排烟和细水雾耦合灭火效果研究

采用火灾动力学软件FDS（FireDynamicSimulator）,以封闭单节地铁列车车厢为研究对象,模拟分析不同喷雾速度、排烟量以及排烟启动时刻条件下,车厢内火灾热释放速率、烟气层高度、烟气层温度的变化规律,对细水雾和机械排烟耦合作用下地铁列车车厢火灾灭火效果展升研究。结果表明,喷雾初速度较小时,细水雾动作之后启动排烟系统的灭火效果更好;喷雾初速度较大时,细水雾动作之前启动排烟系统的灭火效果更好;同样的喷雾初速度条件下,增大排烟量町以提高烟气层高度和降低烟气层温度,排烟量过大可能造成火焰区的扰动,降低细水雾的火火效果。     

排烟口布置方式对高层建筑火灾排烟效果的影响

高层建筑发生火灾时,烟气对人员的生命安全有着非常大的威胁,因此有效地控制烟气在建筑物内的扩散对于人员的逃生是非常重要的。通过高层建筑内烟气流动的数学模型,采用k-ε两方程三维紊流模型对高层建筑火灾时排烟口布置于走廊顶棚和走廊侧壁时的机械排烟进行模拟。结果表明,排烟口的布置方式不同对排烟效果的影响很大。排烟口置于顶棚时比排烟口置于侧壁时排烟效率高近10％,走廊内危险性低。在进行排烟设计时应优先考虑将排烟口设置在走廊顶部。     

汽油无铅化与环境空气中铅污染的变化趋势

文章简要分析了 1 998年天津市环境空气及交通环境空气中铅污染的程度。机动车尾气排放是环境空气及交通环境空气中铅污染的重要来源 ,1 998年机动车推广使用无铅汽油后天津市铅污染状况明显减轻。     

Emission and Performance Characteristics of a 2 Litre Toyota Diesel Van Operating on Esterified Waste Cooking Oil and Mineral Diesel Fuel

Exhaust emission and performance characteristics were evaluated in a Toyota van, powered by a 21 indirect injection (IDI) naturally aspirated diesel engine, operating on vegetable based waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME).Tests were performed on a chassis dynamometer and the data were compared with previous results conducted on the same vehicle using mineral diesel fuel. The data obtained includes smoke opacity, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), oxygen (O₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), nitric oxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and brake power. Engine lubricating oil samples were also taken. Results from this study indicated a difference of approximately 9% in brake power between the two fuels. WCOME developed a significant lower smoke opacity level and reduced CO, CO₂, SO₂ emissions. However, O₂, NO₂ and NO levels were higher with the vegetable oil based fuel. Power values were comparable for both fuels. Lubricating oil analysis gave little change of viscosity and wear metal concentrations after 2887km were: Silicon 35ppm, Chromium 3.3ppm, Iron 33.8ppm, Copper 14.1ppm and lead 78.6ppm.     

Remove cooking fume using catalytic combustion over Pt/La-Al2O3

Five monolithic catalysts with low noble metal content were prepared by irnmerge method （Pt/γ=Al2O3, Pt/La-Al2O3, Pt/YSZ-AI203, Pt＋Pd/La-Al2O3 and Pd/La-Al2O3） and their activity measurements were carried out in a conventional fixed-bed flow reactor. The results show that La-Al2O3 can promote activity of the prepared catalysts and can decrease the complete conversion temperature of cooking fume. The Pt/La-Al2O3 catalyst has the highest activity and can be applied in wide range of gas hourly space velocity （GHSV）. Some characterizations （XRD, TPR） were carried out with the objective to explain differences in catalytic behaviors. The prepared catalyst showed a great potential for application.