Polychlorinated biphenyls in the atmosphere of Taizhou, a major e-waste dismantling area in China

PM2.5,total suspended particles(TSP) and gas phase samples were collected at two sites of Taizhou,a major e-waste dismantling area in China.Concentrations,seasonal variations,congener profiles,gas-particle partitioning and size distribution of the atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were studied to assess the current state of atmospheric PCBs after the phase out of massive historical dismantling of PCBs containing e-wastes.The average 38PCBs concentration in the ambient air(TSP plus gas phase) near the e-waste dismantling area was(12,407 ± 9592) pg/m3 in winter,which was substantially lower than that found one decade ago.However,the atmospheric PCBs level near the e-waste dismantling area was 54 times of the reference urban site,indicating that the impact of the historical dismantling of PCBs containing e-wastes was still significant.Tri-Penta-CBs were dominant homologues,consisting with their dominant global production.Size distribution of particle-bound PCBs showed that higher chlorinated CBs tended to partition more to the fine particles,facilitating its long range air transportation.     

长江口潮滩表层沉积物中PCBs和OCPs的分布

对长江口潮滩表层沉积物中的多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)进行GC-ECD测试,结果表明PCBs含量分布在0.19～18.95ng/g,平均值为2.70ng/g,其分布随采样点的位置变化显著:排污口附近出现最大值,离排污口越远,即受排污影响的程度越小,其含量越低.OCPs含量在1.25～36.01ng/g,平均值为8.50ng/g,分布特征与PCBs相似,表明了它们来源的相似性.研究区内PCBs和OCPs的含量低于ER-L值,尚未对生物造成显著的负面影响.     

Aroclor1254对大鼠甲状腺结构及功能的影响

为探讨低浓度多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)商业混合物Aroclor1254对大鼠甲状腺结构及功能的影响,本文将12只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和PCBs暴露组(Aroclor1254组),对照组腹腔注射Aroclor1254的溶剂玉米油,暴露组以2000μg·kg-1·d-1的剂量行腹腔注射Aroclor1254,每周注射5d,连续注射13周.采用HE染色、免疫组化及电镜技术观察PCBs对大鼠甲状腺组织结构的影响,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清TSH、Free-T3、Free-T4水平,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)及钠碘转运体(NIS)mRNA表达水平.研究结果发现,与对照组比较,暴露组大鼠甲状腺组织内单核巨噬细胞(ED-1+细胞)浸润增多,甲状腺微观结构受损,血清TSH水平显著升高,甲状腺组织TgmRNA及NISmRNA表达显著下调.研究结果表明,低浓度PCBs长期暴露可导致大鼠甲状腺结构破坏及功能损伤.     

Tween80对黑麦草吸收土壤中2,2′,5,5′-四氯联苯影响

以黑麦草为供试植物,山地褐土为供试土壤,以黑麦草体内2,2',5,5'-四氯联苯含量、土壤中2,2',5,5'-四氯联苯含量为指标,研究了添加表面活性剂Tween80对黑麦草吸收土壤中2,2',5,5'-四氯联苯作用的影响。结果表明,黑麦草对土壤中2,2',5,5'-四氯联苯有较强的吸收。40 d实验后植物吸收到达高峰,此时,土壤中2,2',5,5'-四氯联苯浓度由1045.62 ng/g下降至340.61 ng/g。在添加量为0~20 mg/g范围内,Tween80对黑麦草的生长无明显胁迫或毒害作用,并可显著提高黑麦草对2,2',5,5'-四氯联苯的吸收。当Tween80添加量为1 mg/g时,供试40 d后,黑麦草体内2,2',5,5'-四氯联苯的积累量达到138.22μg/g,是无表面活性剂添加组积累量72.52μg/g的将近2倍。但同时,高Tween80添加量又会抑制黑麦草对2,2',5,5'-四氯联苯的吸收,当Tween80添加量分别为10 mg/g和20 mg/g时,供试40 d后,黑麦草中2,2',5,5'-四氯联苯的积累量比1 mg/g添加量组分别减少了12.80μg/g和17.12μg/g。     

饲料级硫酸铜中二英类多氯联苯的污染特征及其来源研究

近年来,持久性有机污染物（POPs）对人体和环境带来的危害在世界范围内引起了广泛关注.饲料添加剂已成为畜禽动物养殖过程中必不可少的原料,为探明典型动物饲料添加剂饲料级硫酸铜（CuSO₄）中POPs的来源,本研究分析了饲料级CuSO₄、铜盐产品、蚀刻废液（包括酸性蚀刻废液、碱性蚀刻废液及微蚀废液）、蚀刻液（包括盐酸（HCl）和氧化剂）、硫酸（H₂SO₄）共计79个样品中二英类多氯联苯（DL-PCBs）的污染特征.结果发现,饲料级CuSO₄和铜盐产品中DL-PCBs均以PCB-77、PCB-169和PCB-126为主要检出单体,与其生产原料酸性蚀刻废液中具有完全一致的指纹分布特征,表明其来源的一致性;对于蚀刻液,DL-PCBs仅在工业HCl中有不同程度检出,然而指纹特征（单体组成以PCB-118、PCB-77和PCB-126为主）与其他样品中有所区别.通过主成分分析（PCA）进一步确认表明,工业HCl是蚀刻废液中DL-PCBs的一个重要来源,但亦可能存在其他未知来源.相关研究为去除和控制微量元素饲料添加剂尤其是铜盐产品中DL-PCBs提供了重要的科学依据.     

北京市密云县潮河周边土壤中类二恶英PCBs分析评价

为了探讨密云水库上游流域可能给水库带来的非点源污染,本研究测定了入库河流潮河下游周边土壤中12种类二恶英多氯联苯(DL-PCBs)的含量水平。结果表明,ΣDL-PCBs的总含量水平为0.0039~0.0365 ng·g-1,其中PCB-118,115,77为12种DL-PCBs的主要成分,PCB-81,114,157均低于检出限。草地、林地和果园中ΣDL-PCBs的含量高于玉米地,表明研究区的DL-PCBs主要受大气沉降和河流沉积物的影响,受当地人类活动影响不大。与其他研究相比,采样区域的PCBs含量总体处于偏低水平,毒性当量处于中等水平。而毒性当量因子(TEF)较高的PCB-126与PCB-169,可能会对人类和生物产生危害,应给予足够的重视。     

香港海域翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis L.)中多氯联苯的研究

用气相色谱 毛细管双柱 电子捕获检测器研究了香港海域翡翠贻贝中多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量及其分布特征 ,结果表明 ,翡翠贻贝体内PCBs的污染现状与香港周边污染状况相符 ,在香港某些海域中翡翠贻贝体内PCBs有较高的含量 ,特别是靠近香港陆地的海域 ,PCBs总浓度最高达 3 0 3ng·g- 1 (干样 ) .PCBs同系物的分布亦有明显的不同特征 .运用二恶英毒性当量 (TEQ)表征翡翠贻贝中PCBs的毒性 ,TEQ最高值达 4 96ng·kg- 1 ,低于美国FDA允许值     

多势派氯代二噁在土壤表面的紫外光解研究

本文利用500W中压汞灯研究了二(口恶)(口英)在干燥土壤中的紫外光解.根据光解结果计算了土壤中二(口恶)(口英)的降解深度,并分析了五氯代二(口恶)(口英)(PeCDD)的光解产物.结果表明,二(口恶)(口英)在土壤表面发生了较快的光解反应,反应在2h内基本完成,降解深度为0.027mm.对PeCDD光解产物的分析结果显示,二(口恶)(口英)在土壤表面紫外光降解的主要途径为脱氯,而且脱氯优先发生在邻位上.     

Determination of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in insulating oil samples from stored Chinese electrical capacitors by HRGC/HRMS

Homologue and congener profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in commercial PCBs formulations are key information for the source identification of PCBs contamination as well as for the risk assessment caused by potential exposure. The isotope dilution technology in combination with high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) has made the accurate determination of such profiles possible. So far, various commercial PCB formulations except Chinese products have been successfully determined. Two PCBs containing insulating oil samples from stored Chinese electrical capacitors have been determined with the same methodology for comparability. The total concentration PCBs in two oil samples were 790 000 μg g⁻¹ and 720 000 μg g⁻¹, respectively. TriCBs, TetraCBs, and DiCBs were found to be most abundant. Concentration of dioxins contamination in two samples is 650-670 ngTEQ g⁻¹, of which 69-71 ngTEQ g⁻¹ from PCDD/Fs with the predominant congeners of 1,2,7,8-TeCDF; 2,3,7,8-TeCDF; 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF. The contributions of DL-PCBs in total TEQ in both samples were more than 85%. The dioxin-like toxicity in insulating oils contained in electrical capacitors could be considered receive attention as an important dioxins source if such wastes are not managed in an environmentally sound manner.