新型阳离子聚合物治理煤泥水的应用研究

研究了聚季铵盐丙烯配角安接枝共聚物ＰＱＡＡＭ在煤泥水治理中的絮凝沉降作用。通过不同特性粘度和不同阳离子度的ＰＱＡＡＭ絮凝性能比较试验，ＰＱＡＡＭ分别加入ＨＰＡＭ、ＰＡＭ和ＰＱＡＡＭ、ＰＡＳ、ＰＡＣＬ的絮凝沉降试验，结果表明该絮凝剂是一种质量优良的新型高效的阳离子絮剂，对煤泥水治理和环境保护有着广泛的应用前景。     

Synthesis of a block copolymer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(ethylene glycol) and its application to biodegradable polymer blends

A block copolymer {P[(R,S)-HB-b-EG]} of atactic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] {P[(R,S)-HB]} and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of -butyrolactone in the presence of a macroinitiator (PEG/ZnEt₂/H₂O) which had been produced by the reaction of ,-dihydroxy PEG ( _n=3000) with ZnEt₂/H₂O (1/0.6) catalyst. The block copolymer ( _n=10,500, _w/ _n=1.2) was an A-B-A triblock copolymer comprising atactic P[(R,S)-HB] (A) and PEG (B) segments. The miscibility, physical properties, and biodegradability of binary blends of microbial poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] {P[(R)-HB]} with the block copolymer P[(R,S)-HB-b-EG] has been studied. The glass-transition temperature (T _g) data showed that the P[(R)-HB]/P[(R,S)-HB-b-EG] blend was miscible in the amorphous state. The P[(R)-HB] film became flexible and tough by means of blending with P[(R,S)-HB-b-EG] block copolymer. The enzymatic degradation of blend films was carried out at 37°C and pH 7.4 in a 0.1M phosphate solution of an extracellular PHB depolymerase fromAlcaligenes faecalis. The enzymatic degradation took place solely on the surface of the blend films.     

腈氯纶吸附纤维对亚甲基蓝和铅离子的共吸附行为研究

采用无机活性炭与丙烯腈-偏氯乙烯共聚体共混,以二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂纺制了腈氯纶吸附纤维,并用水合肼控制预交联过程,通过碱性水解制得羧酸钠型离子交换吸附纤维,着重考察了该纤维在染料亚甲基蓝和重金属Pb2 混合共存条件下对2种物质的共吸附行为.结果表明,混合条件下,该纤维对亚甲基蓝和Pb2 的吸附量可分别达到9.5 mg·g-1和487.8 mg·g-1;活性炭对亚甲基蓝的物理吸附与改性纤维对Pb2 的离子交换过程同时发生,离子交换的发生对物理吸附的影响较大;Langmuir模式比Freundlich模式更适于描述Pb2 的等温吸附过程;随着温度的升高,纤维的物理吸附能力增强,而对Pb2 的离子交换性能变化不大;pH为中性条件时,纤维对Pb2 和亚甲基蓝的吸附量均达到最大.     

ESA／AMPS共聚物与磁场的协同阻垢作用

采用静态阻垢试验方法研究了磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物共同作用时的协同阻垢性能。结果表明,磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物对碳酸钙和磷酸钙有协同阻垢作用,当磁化水流量为120L／h、磁场强度为0．7T、磁化时间为40min、ESA／AMPS共聚物用量为3mg／L时,ESA／AMPS共聚物与磁场对CaCO3的协同阻垢率比单独使用ESA／AMPS共聚物时提高了12％;在其他条件不变,而ESA／AMPS共聚物用量为14mg／L时,磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物对Ca3（PO4）2的协同阻垢率比单独使用ESA／AMPS共聚物时提高42．4％。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和x-射线衍射仪（XRD）对CaCO,垢样进行了观察,发现ESA／AMPS共聚物对垢样晶型产生扭曲作用,而磁场与ESA／AMPS共聚物协同作用时的垢样晶型没有太大改变。     

Biodegradable Blends Based on Starch and Poly(Lactic Acid): Comparison of Different Strategies and Estimate of Compatibilization

Finding plastic substitutes based on sustainability, especially for short-term packaging and disposable applications has aroused scientific interest for many years. Starch may be a substitute for petroleum based plastics but it shows severe limitations due to its water sensitivity and rather low mechanical properties. To overcome these weaknesses and to maintain the material biodegradability, one option is to blend plasticized starch with another biodegradable polymer. To improve both the compatibility between the main phases and the performance of the final blend, different compatibilization strategies are reported in literature. However, the relative efficiency of each strategy is not widely reported. This paper presents three different strategies: in situ (i) formation of urethane linkages; (ii) coupling with peroxide between starch and PLA, and (iiii) the addition of PLA-grafted amylose (A-g-PLA) which has been elaborated ex situ and carefully analyzed before blending. This study compares the effect of each compatibilization strategy by investigating mechanical and thermal properties of each blend. Compatibilizing behavior of the A-g-PLA is demonstrated, with a significant increase (up to 60%) in tensile strength of starch/PLA blend with no decrease in elongation at failure.     

有机-无机共聚高分子混凝剂在活性染料印染废水治理中的应用

在对某以活性染料为主要染料的棉、丝针织物染整厂废水处理工程技术改造过程中,将有机-无机共聚高分子混凝剂辅以少量的PAC代替石灰乳和硫酸亚铁,稳定运行后连续6周取数据进行分析,结果表明,技改后当进水COD为350~520 mg/L,色度为650~1200倍时,出水COD<90 mg/L,色度30倍左右,污泥产量只有原系统的1/2,且运行费用比原系统低。     

壳聚糖及其共聚物吸附Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)动力学研究

通过测定Cu2+和Zn2+溶液中的电导率的变化,研究壳聚糖(CTS)、壳聚糖-海藻酸钠共聚物(CTS-AGS)对Cu2+和Zn2+的吸附动力学特征,结果表明该吸附是以化学吸附为主要特征的单分子层吸附,通过计算不同情况下吸附速率常数,以及对吸附前后的扫描电镜分析,初步探讨其吸附机理。     

无磷助洗剂VS的合成及应用

采用马来酸酐和丙烯酸为单体 ,用过硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂 ,采用水溶液聚合法合成了用于替代三聚磷酸钠 (STPP)的助洗剂VS,并在不同洗衣粉中进行应用实验     

两性木质素接枝共聚物的聚合反应与离子化改性

研究碱木质素与复合单体在水相中接枝共聚,以Mannich反应进一步对接枝产物进行阳离子化改性.结果表明:在70℃±5℃下进行木质素与复合单体接枝共聚反应,当pH值为7.0-8.0、反应时间为2h-2.5h,获得较理想的接枝效果,过硫酸盐引发效果优于过氧化氢,引发剂适宜的反应浓度约为10mmol·l-1.共聚物阳离子化改性的适宜条件为:醛、胺与木质素的质量比为0.5∶1.2∶1,反应温度60℃-70℃,反应时间2h,反应产物为一种具有阴、阳离子两性基团的木质素聚合物. 以丙酮分离产物,当体积比为0.75时,获得产物与水较好的分离效果. 红外光谱分析表明,木质素与复合单体实现了有效的接枝共聚和离子化改性.     

Synthesis and application of lignin-based copolymer LSAA on controlling non-point source pollution resulted from surface runoff

In this article,alkali lignin separated from paper pulp waste was grafted into a novel copolymer LSAA (a copolymer of lignin,starch, acrylamide,and acrylic acid).Its practical application effect and environmental safety were studied.The results of field simulation experiment indicated that the application of LSAA significantly affected the output of the runoff and pollutants.The runoff quantity was decreased by 16.67%-47.00%and the loads of total suspended solids (TSS),chemical oxygen demand (COD),total ...