Synthesis and Extraction Study of Calix[4]arene Dinitrile Derivatives Incorporated in a Polymeric Backbone with Bisphenol-A

Two new copolymers containing pendant calix[4]arene units with nitrile functionalities at their lower rim have been synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reactions involving 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(cyanomethoxy)-26,28-dihydroxy-calix[4]arene (3) or 25,27-bis(cyanometh oxy)-26,28-dihydroxy-calix[4]arene (4) with 1,5-dibromopentane and bisphenol-A. The phase transfer studies were performed by using liquid–liquid extraction procedures. It has been deduced from the observations that both copolymers show a good phase transfer affinity toward selected alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal cations, unlike their precursor (3).     

疏水缔合阳离子型高分子絮凝剂合成与性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)、疏水单体CXDMC为原料,通过自由基水溶液共聚合法制备了疏水缔合阳离子型絮凝剂P(AM-DMC-CXDMC),考察了不同合成工艺条件下得到的不同结构的聚合产物的絮凝性能。研究结果表明,疏水单体种类、含量及絮凝剂浓度均对絮凝效果有较大的影响;疏水单体为C4DMC和C8DMC、疏水单体含量为1mol%、絮凝剂加量为20mg/L时,综合絮凝效果较好。用所制备的疏水缔合阳离子型絮凝剂和普通阳离子型絮凝剂P(AM-DMC)分别处理硅藻土模拟水与城市生活污水,结果发现,疏水缔合阳离子型絮凝剂处理效果优于阳离子型絮凝剂。     

Al(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅲ)共聚合及其混凝效果的研究

研究了氯化铝（Ａｌ（Ⅲ））和氯化铁（Ｆｅ（Ⅲ））干法（即热分解怯）共聚合。通过图谱分析，初步确定了共聚物的存在；用硅藻土模拟水样的混凝实验结果表明，铝铁共聚物是一种既不同于单聚铝，也不同于单聚铁的具有优异性能的新型无机高分子絮凝剂。     

丙烯腈共聚物超滤膜的研究

本文以丙烯腈，乙酸乙烯酯，乙烯基吡啶等三元共聚物为材料，研究了制备平板超滤膜各主要参数对成膜性能的影响并初步纺制了中空纤维膜。     

Synthesis and identification of graft copolymers of wood pulp and styrene

Based on the graft copolymerization reactions of lignin and vinyl monomers, a series of graft copolymers of wood pulp and styrene (1-phenylethene) has been synthesized. The wood pulps used in this research are unbleached products produced by chemical, thermal, and mechanical pulping. All of them contain a high content of lignin (25–29 wt%). The grafting reaction is a free radical polymerization coinitiated by calcium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, and wood pulp in dimethylsulfoxide at 30°C. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and the amount of the reactants on the conversion of monomer, yield of product, weight increase of pulp, and grafting efficiency of monomer has been studied. The grafted wood pulp was separated from homopolystyrene formed during the reaction by extraction of the reaction product with benzene in a Soxhlet apparatus for at least 48 h. The results show that after the reaction, the weight of all wood pulps was significantly increased and the weight increase of very high yield sodium bisulfite pulp (VHYS) was 333%. This proves that a part of the polymerized styrene was chemically bound to the wood pulp. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the extracted products show absorbance peaks characteristic of both wood and polystyrene and, thus, provide strong proof of grafting. Grafting has completely changed the surface properties of the starting wood pulp from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and under ordinary thermal compression conditions, thermoplastic composite objects of good uniformity can be made directly from reaction products which contain up to 52 wt% wood pulp.     

Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance evidence of degradation in thermoplastics based on forest products

The degradation of lignin-(1-phenylethylene) graft copolymers (lignin-styrene graft copolymers) by white rot basidiomycete fungi was followed by monitoring aromatic absorption bands by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The FTIR of the graft copolymers shows a series of characteristic absorbance peaks from multi-substituted aromatic rings and a strong poly(1-phenylethylene) (polystyrene) absorbance peak from monosubstituted aromatic rings. Subtraction of copolymer spectra taken before incubation from spectra taken after 50 days of incubation with the four tested fungi shows the loss of functional groups from the copolymer. NMR spectra also show reduction of aromatic ring resonances from the copolymer and incorporation of peaks from fungi as a result of incubation with fungi. The biodegradation tests were run on lignin-(1-phenylethylene) graft copolymers which contained 10.3, 32.2, and 50.4% of lignin. The polymer samples were incubated with the white rot fungiPleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, andTrametes versicolor, and the brown rot fungusGleophyllum trabeum. White rot fungi degraded the plastic samples at a rate that increased with increasing lignin content in the copolymer sample. Both poly(1-phenylethylene) and lignin components of the copolymer were readily degraded. Observation by scanning electron microscopy of incubated copolymers showed a deterioration of the plastic surface. The brown rot fungus did not affect any of these plastics, nor did any of the fungi degrade pure poly(1-phenylethylene).Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Second National Meeting, August 19–21, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.     

C60丙二酸二(2,4,6-三硝基苯乙基)酯马来酸聚合物铅盐的合成

以TNT和甲醛为原料,首先得到2,4,6-三硝基苯乙醇(TNPE),TNPE和丙二酰氯经酯化反应合成得到丙二酸二(2,4,6-三硝基苯乙基)酯(TNPEM),TNPEM与C60通过Bingel反应制备了C60丙二酸二(2,4,6-三硝基苯乙基)酯(FTNPEM).FTNPEM再与马来酸和硝酸铅通过共聚合成盐反应得到含能的C60丙二酸二(2,4,6-三硝基苯乙基)酯马来酸聚合物铅盐5.采用FT-IR、UV-Vis、GPC、XPS、XRD等表征方法对聚合物及其铅盐的结构进行了分析.利用差热分析法(DTA)和热重分析法(TGA)对聚合物铅盐5的热稳定性及其对RDX的热分解催化作用进行了研究.结果表明,在空气气氛下,聚合物铅盐5初始分解峰值温度为239℃,表明产物热稳定性良好.对RDX热分解催化作用研究结果表明,聚合物铅盐5能加速RDX的分解,并使RDX分解峰温降低6℃.     

混凝—气浮工艺预处理ABS树脂生产废水

采用混凝—气浮工艺对ABS树脂生产过程中的丁二烯聚合工段和乳液接枝工段混合废水进行预处理,优化了工艺条件。实验结果表明：最佳药剂组合为CaCl₂和阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺（FO4440SSH）,最佳CaCl₂投加量为75 mg/L,最佳FO4440SSH投加量为10 mg/L,最佳废水pH范围为5~7;最优操作条件为以288 r/min的转速搅拌混凝1 min,再以72 r/min的转速搅拌絮凝20 min;混凝阶段的最佳G值为159.9 s^-1、GT值为9 594,絮凝阶段的最佳G值为24.5 s^-1、GT值为29 400;优化条件下,废水的浊度与COD去除率均可达98%以上。     

柠檬酸改性聚天冬氨酸阻垢剂的合成及性能研究

将柠檬酸、马来酸酐、氨共聚,在主链上引入羧基以改性聚天冬氨酸,提高了其阻垢性能。实验测定了不同反应条件下产品的阻垢性能,讨论了聚天冬氨酸共聚物的合成工艺条件。结果表明n(氨):n(MA):n(柠檬酸)=2.2:1:0.09,胺化时间2.5h,热聚温度170℃,热聚时间15min,合成的PASP共聚物用量为2mg/L时产品的阻垢效果最好。     

混凝法处理丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂废水

以聚合氯化铝铁为混凝剂、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺为助凝剂,采用混凝法处理丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂（ABS）废水（简称废水）,考察了聚合氯化铝铁加入量、沉降时间、搅拌转速、搅拌时间、废水pH和混凝温度对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在聚合氯化铝铁加入量50mg／L、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺加入量2mg／L、废水pH6．0～8．0、快速搅拌1min、慢速搅拌6min、沉降时间25min、混凝温度20～25℃的条件下,废水的SS去除率达97％以上,COD去除率达77％以上。