高含沙紊动系统中泥沙铜的相互作用及其垂向浓度分布

采用谐振式紊动模拟装置 ,通过格栅以一定振幅、不同频率的往复运动 ,在水体中形成均匀紊动场 ,研究紊动对高浓度固液两相系统中泥沙 (黄土 )与铜的相互作用及其垂向浓度分布的影响 ,投沙量 (S)范围为 5kg/m³～800kg/m³.结果表明 ,在均匀紊动条件下 ,黄土对铜的吸附量在S =10kg/m³ 处出现峰值 ,而后随着投沙量的增加而快速下降 .这可能是铜的专性吸附、马兰黄土富含碳酸钙而导致铜的碳酸盐和氢氧化物沉淀 ,以及泥沙浓度效应等过程的共同作用所致 .水相铜浓度随S从 5kg/m³增加到 200kg/m³时快速下降 ,在S>200kg/m³ 的高含沙条件下继续下降趋于 0 .高浓度泥沙紊动水体中 ,水相铜浓度和泥沙吸附铜量的垂向分布分别表现出均匀和波动的不同特点 ,实际含沙量的垂向分布在S<100kg/m³时比较均匀 ,在S>200kg/m³时自上而下逐步增加 .     

流式细胞术在铜对藻类生态毒理研究中的应用

用流式细胞术研究了铜对铜绿微囊藻的毒性作用 ,结果表明 ,一定浓度的铜对藻类的生长具有抑制作用 ,而且这种抑制作用随着铜浓度的增加而增加 ,96h的EC50 为 82 86μg·l- 1 ,当铜浓度为 1 0 1 2 5 μg·l- 1 时 ,藻细胞的生长几乎完全受到抑制 .流式细胞仪检测结果可以说明铜对藻类群体作用的过程 ,即铜并不是同时对所有的藻细胞产生抑制作用 .低浓度时只是对部分细胞产生抑制 ,随着铜浓度的升高 ,受到抑制的细胞也越多 ,当达到最高浓度时 ,几乎所有细胞的生长都受到抑制 .     

几种牧草对铜尾矿重金属的抗性及其微生物效应

铜尾矿是一类重金属含量极高 ,对植物生长产生毒害的生境 .盆栽试验结果表明 ,4种牧草在纯尾矿以及由尾矿和对照土壤组成的混合尾矿上都能生长 ,但植物的长势随尾矿中重金属含量的增加而减弱 ,4种牧草对重金属的抗性依次表现为百喜草 >苇状羊茅 >黑麦草 >狗芽根 .此外 ,Biolog结果显示 ,土壤微生物群落代谢剖面 (AWCD)及群落丰富度、多样性指数与牧草的长势密切相关 ,种植牧草后能明显地提高土壤微生物群落功能多样性 ,提高幅度表现为百喜草 >苇状羊茅 >黑麦草>狗芽根 ,百喜草可望成为金属尾矿植被恢复的先锋牧草 .     

砷酸根对砖红壤中铜吸附和解吸影响的初步研究

研究了加砷酸根对砖红壤吸附铜及随后吸附性铜的解吸的影响.结果表明,加砷后土壤对铜的吸附量和解吸量均增加.随砷加入量的增加,土壤对铜的吸附量和吸附性铜的解吸量均增加.在pH值为3 4至5 2范围内,砷对铜吸附的促进作用随pH值的增加而增加,约在pH值为4 5时达最大,然后逐渐减小.表面电荷的测定结果和铜的解吸实验结果均说明砷酸根主要通过自身的吸附来增加土壤的表面净负电荷,从而增加土壤对铜的吸附量.     

珠江口及近海水体中铜的含量和形态及其与营养盐的空间分布关系

在对珠江河口及近海水体中Cu的含量和形态以及主要营养盐水平及形式进行监测分析的基础上,分析水体中Cu的总浓度、总溶解态Cu、颗粒态Cu以及游离态Cu与水体中主要营养盐及其主要赋存形式之间的内在联系。结果表明:水体中Cu的总浓度和各营养盐之间存在着对数分布的函数关系,其相关性N>Si>P,水体中游离态Cu与养分的相关性顺序为:NO2->SiO32->PO43->NO3->NH4+。通过计算得到研究水域中的N Si原子比为0 78,接近浮游生物体内的比值,说明水体中Cu的分布与N,Si养分的再生循环有着十分紧密的联系。      

Determination of Cadmium and Copper in Fish Samples from Sir And Menzelet Dam Lake Kahramanmaraş, Turkey

The cadmium and copper levels were determined in the total of 126 fish samples which belongs to five fish species collected from Sır and Menzelet Dam Lakes in Kahramanmaraş Province by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The concentrations of heavy metals were expressed as ppm wet weight of tissue. The mean levels of cadmium and copper in muscle, liver and gill tissues of Cyprinus carpiofrom the Menzelet Dam were found as 0.27, 0.91, 1.49 and 0.94, 1.2, 1.05, respectively. The mean levels of Cd in the muscle tissues of Leuciscus cephalusfrom the Menzelet Dam were found 0.32 ppm, Cd wasn't found in tissues of liver and gill. The mean levels of Cu in the muscle, liver and gill tissues were found as 3.17 ppm, 1.19 ppm, 0.96 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of the Cd and Cu in muscle and gill tissues of Acanthobrama marmid from the Sır Dam were found as 1.28, 2.64 and 0.72, 0.08, respectively. The levels of the Cd and Cu in muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpiofrom the Sır Dam were found 0.87 and 0.02 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of the Cd and Cu in the muscle and gill tissues of Chondrostoma regium from the Sır Dam were found to be 0.80, 2.62 and 0.67, 1.34 ppm, respectively. The mean levels of the Cd in the muscle tissues of the Silurus glanis was found as 0.60 ppm. In the muscle of the Silurus glanis from the Sır Dam, Cu was not found. The Sır Dam is more polluted than the Menzelet Dam from the point of Cd but less polluted than the Menzelet Dam From the point of Cu. A relationship was determined between species and their habitating region in terms of the levels reflected metal residues. In this study it was emphasized that the amounts of Cd and Cu in the samples were low, however, seas, lakes, rivers, soil, air and consumed foods etc. has to be controlled routinely.     

Metal Concentrations in Fish Species from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea

Samples of Mugil cephalus and Mullus barbatus were collected in the Northeast Mediterranean coast of Turkey the contents of cadmium, copper, iron, zinc and lead in the liver, gill and muscle tissues were determined by atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry.Except for lead, highest levels of each metal were found in the liver and this was followed by the gill and muscle in both species. Among the metals analyzed, Cu, Zn and Fe were the most abundant in the different tissues while Cd and Pb were the least abundant both in M. cephalus and M. barbatus. Seasonal changes in metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn) concentration were observed in the tissues of both species, but these seasonal variations may not influence consumption advisories. In general, the highest concentrations were detected for all metals in summer.     

饲料中铜暴露对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼血红细胞微核和组织中铜蓄积的影响

为了研究饲料中铜暴露对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的毒性作用,将1 080条罗非鱼幼鱼暴露于6个浓度梯度的高铜日粮中,通过60 d的暴露试验,测定罗非鱼血红细胞微核变化和组织中铜的蓄积.结果表明,铜在各组织中积累量的顺序依次为:肝脏＞脾脏＞肠道＞鳃＞肌肉,与对照组相比,其中肝脏、脾脏、肠道中铜的含量随着时间和日粮中铜浓度的升高而逐渐升高,而鳃和肌肉中铜含量无显著差异;罗非鱼幼鱼血红细胞微核率、核异常率、总核异常率与日粮中铜的浓度存在一定的剂量—效应关系,并且核异常率高于微核率.     

应用流式细胞技术研究种群初始状态对藻类毒性效应的影响

应用流式细胞技术研究种群初始状态的变化及外源种群介入对藻类毒性效应的影响.结果表明:初始细胞密度的增加可以降低Cu2 的毒性效应.当微囊藻初始细胞密度从103上升到105cells·ml-1时,24h Cu2 处理后微囊藻酯酶活性的EC50值从4.4μg·l-1上升到37μg·l-1.而外源种群(栅藻、小球藻)的介入也可降低Cu2 对微囊藻的毒性效应.     

CU2#重金属离子捕集剂去除废水中Cu2+的研究

研究了CU2#重金属离子捕集剂处理含铜废水的效果,结果表明:在pH1-14范围内,搅拌时间为5min,不加絮凝剂时,CU2#重金属离子捕集剂对含铜废水处理后,其上清液中铜含量可低于0.3mg·l-1,对铜的去除率达到99.7%,一次性处理后的含铜废水即达到国家排放标准.另外,用CU2#重金属离子捕集剂对EDTA络合铜离子的处理效果进行了初步探讨.