Electro-remediation of tailings from a multi-metal sulphide mine: comparing removal efficiencies of Pb,Zn, Cu and Cd

Sulphidic mine tailings characterised by high concentrations of heavy metals (Pb 3532?±?97?mg/kg, Zn 8450?±?154?mg/kg, Cu 239?±?18?mg/kg and Cd 14.1?±?0.3?mg/kg) and abundant carbonate (17%) were subjected to eight lab-scale electrodialytic remediation (EDR) experiments to investigate the influence of current density, treatment time and particle size on removal efficiency. Pb and Cu removal improved when increasing current density, while Zn and Cd removal did not. In contrast Zn and Cd removal improved by grinding the tailings, while Pb and Cu removal did not. At the highest current density (1.2?mA/cm²), 94%, 75%, 71% and 67% removal of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd could be achieved, respectively, on grinded tailings in 28 days. Sequential chemical extraction made before and after EDR revealed larger oxidisable fractions of Zn, Cu and Cd, representing large fractions of sulphides, which was likely to be the main barrier to be removed as efficiently as Pb. This was in accordance with acid/base extraction tests in which Pb showed high solubility at both high and low pH (up to 65% and 86% of extraction, respectively), while considerable extraction of Zn (55%) happened only at low pH; and very limited extraction (<20%) of Cu and Cd occurred at any pH.     

Sources of underground CO: Crushing and ambient temperature oxidation of coal

As a harmful gas in underground coal mine, CO seriously threatened the safety of miners. Currently, the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf is generally considered as the main source of underground CO. CO gas is also widely used as an indicator gas in fire prediction in mines. However, high concentrations of CO are also detected in some mines without spontaneous combustion of coal. Therefore, in the paper, with four ranks of coal, we studied other two potential CO sources: crushing and oxidation at ambient temperature. The more completely crushed coal produces more CO. The concentration of generated CO is inversely proportional to moisture content in coal. Therefore, the addition of water can inhibit the generation process of CO during the crushing process of coal. Lignite with low metamorphic grade can be oxidized to produce CO at ambient temperature (25 °C), and anthracite with high coal rank can be only oxidized to produce CO at 60 °C. Infrared spectra indicated that the coal with rich aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing functional groups are more susceptible to oxidation at room temperature. Moreover, the smaller particle size of coal is more beneficial to the oxidation at ambient temperature to generate CO. CO generation during coal oxidation is also closely related to the ventilation rate.     

基于博弈论-云模型的露天矿岩质边坡稳定性分析

针对露天矿岩质边坡稳定性具有随机性和模糊性的特点,建立了基于博弈论-云模型的边坡稳定性分级评价方法。首先,通过分析边坡稳定性影响因素,构建了包括地质、环境和工程条件等多方面的综合指标评价体系;其次,采用改进层次分析和熵权理论分别确定指标的主观和客观权重,基于博弈论计算指标综合权重;最后,通过计算综合确定度,基于最大隶属度原则确定边坡的稳定性等级。将所建立的评价模型应用到某露天矿边坡稳定性评价中,结果显示该模型的评价结果与实际情况完全符合,与未确知测度和可拓学理论的评价结果一致,表明该模型具有一定可靠性和实用性。     

铜与铜包铝接地线缆短路熔断特性理论计算与试验

为研究用于高压电力系统的临时接地装置抗突然短路能力及短路火灾限制措施,通过铜导体Onderdonk公式的推广算法,得到铜包铝接地线缆熔断电流的理论计算方法,以6 300 kVA大容量变压器为电流源模拟实际工作中挂接地线时可能出现的短路熔断情况,对常用的铜材料接地线缆及轻质铜包铝材料接地线缆在10 kA以上短时大电流下的熔断过程进行了试验。结果表明:绝热过程下接地线缆熔断电流的理论计算结果偏严格,通过计算公式选取接地线缆截面积具有一定的安全裕度;理论等效截面下铜包铝线缆相比铜线缆更不容易发生熔断,12. 9 kA、16. 3 kA、21. 7 kA短路电流下60 mm^2铜层体积比为10%的铜包铝裸导线熔断时间比35 mm^2铜线分别增加32. 0%、30. 1%、24. 3%;外加阻燃护层可以增加铜线缆的熔断时间而对铜包铝线缆熔断时间的影响不明显,但外加护层可以显著减少铜包铝线缆迸溅熔珠的数量,降低熔珠的引燃能力,从而对短路火灾进行有效抑制。     

铜（Ⅱ）－二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠－乳化剂OP光度法测定土壤有效铜

本文研究了二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（铜试剂）水相光度法测定微量铜（Ⅱ）的条件．在乳化剂ＯＰ（聚乙二醇辛基本基醚）存在的情况下．在ｐＨ８．５的缓冲介质中，铜（Ⅱ）与铜试剂形成棕黄色的配合物，显色体系在４５４ｎｍ处有最大吸收，其表观摩尔吸光系数为１．４３×１０４Ｌ／ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ，铜（Ⅱ）含量在０－６０μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内服从比耳定律．该方法简便、快速，应用于土壤有效铜的测定，结果与原子吸收法基本一致．     

Nutrients Can Enhance Phytoremediation of Copper-Polluted Soil by Indian Mustard

An orthogonally designed experiment was conducted to study the single and combined effects of N, P and K on phytoremediation of Cu-polluted soil by Indian mustard. Addition of fertilizer N and P significantly increased Indian mustard shoot yield. Two high treatments combined with N resulted in the highest yields, followed by low-P combined with N. In contrast, high P with no N gave no yield increase and K had no effect on yield of Indian mustard. Nitrogen and P increased the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves, indicating that the yield increases were due to enhanced photosynthesis. Nitrogen application had no effect on plant Cu concentrations but addition of P slightly decreased plant Cu concentrations, likely a dilution effect resulting from the increase in yield. Among the treatments, N and P applied at 100 and 200 mg kg^–1 respectively with no K application resulted in the highest Cu uptake. Thus, a combination of low N and high P produced a yield increase in Indian mustard that was more than adequate to compensate for a slight decrease in Cu concentration, resulting in the highest Cu removal from the contaminated soil.     

蔬菜对土壤镉铜锌富集能力的研究

调查了福建部分污染严重地区不同蔬菜对镉、锌、铜的富集能力。结果表明蔬菜对镉的平均富集系数为0.017,锌的平均富集系数为0.116.铜的平均富集系数为0.014。蔬菜对镉的富集系数的品种间差异最大,达315倍,远高于锌和铜的富集系数的品种间差异。茭白、豇豆和莲藕对镉的富集能力较低,可作为镉污染土壤优先选种的蔬菜品种,而青包菜、白包菜、芥菜、空心菜、芋头等对镉的富集系数较高,不宜在镉污染土壤上栽培。     

煤矿自燃火灾治理关键技术的研究与应用

介绍了使用同位素测氡法探测煤矿自燃火源位置的原理及应用效果。实践证明,该方法是解决煤矿自燃火灾治理难题的关键技术,由于投资少,精度高,软件处理直观可靠,它有重要推广价值     

前屯煤矿矿井水处理作饮用水的技术实践

本文根据前屯煤矿矿井水排放规律和原水水质特征，采用ＫＪＳ型一体化净水器，锰砂除铁滤器及消毒等处理工艺，处理后水质完全达到国家饮用水标准，工程投资和运行费用均较合理。     

炼钢废气除尘污水处理的研究

系统地研究了影响石灰中和法处理转炉除尘废水含铜沉降速度的因素.结果表明,在搅拌时间10 min和中等搅拌强度的条件下,pH值控制在8.2～9.0范围内能使废水中铜含量在1 h的沉降时间内降至国家排放标准2 mg/L以下.实验还研究了在石灰中和过程中加入适量絮凝剂的影响因素.结果表明,在搅拌时间3 min和相同pH值范围的条件下,加入絮凝剂能使废水中铜含量在30 min的沉降时间内降至国家排放标准2 mg/L以下.