Changes in Lipid Peroxidation in the Gill and Muscle of the Marine Bivalve (Perna Viridis) During Exposure to Cadmium and Copper

The marine bivalve, Perna viridis was exposed to sublethal concentration (one third of 24 h LC₅₀) of either cadmium or copper for 1, 3 and 7 days and alterations in lipid peroxidation in the gill and muscle were investigated. Significant increase of the level of malondialdehyde, which is indicative of the peroxidative process, and a decrease of activity levels of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase were observed in both the tissues of copper exposed mussels. the exposure of mussels to cadmium did not elicit any of the above changes.     

火焰原子吸收测定土壤中的铜

采用硝酸-盐酸-高氯酸代替传统的消解方法分解土壤样品,火焰直接喷入原子吸收法测定土壤中的铜。相对标准偏差为0.6％～3.5％,加标回收率97.5％～101％。     

地表水中痕量金属元素的原子吸收法测定

采用单缝石英管技术作为火焰原子化器的原子捕集阱,以火焰法测定地表水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等痕量元素,进一步提高了石英管法的灵敏度。依上述元素的顺序,其方法的最低检出浓度分别为4.0、10.0、1.0、1.0μg·l~(-1);对不同浓度标准溶液的精密度实验,其变异系数分别为0.5％、0.6％、1.6％、0.4％;对地表水加标回收率试验结果分别为95％—106％、100％—105％、95％—109％、84％—99％。     

江西红山隐爆角砾岩-斑岩型铜矿床的成因

红山铜矿成矿流体δD在－52.7‰～-87.8‰,δ18OH2O在＋1‰～＋6‰，δ34SH2S在0～2.5‰之间。矿石钻同位素表明错主要来自岩浆岩，两阶段模式计算出第一阶段（Th／U）比值为4．21，第二阶段为3．82＝0．22。[CuCl2]是氨基络合物迁移的主要形式（α＝75％），少量以[CuCl3]2形式搬迁（α＝25％）。强调压力在隐爆角砾岩化发生前后的变化对成矿意义影响尤大。厘定了主成矿年龄在97.1～98．8Ma，最后提出了隐爆角砾岩－斑岩铜矿成岩成矿模式。     

黄河中游泥沙对铜离子的吸持行为研究

以黄河中游泥沙和重金属Cu为研究对象，通过等温吸持实验和Tessier形态提取实验，研究了黄河中游泥沙在含量较高的条件下对铜离子的吸持特性．结果表明：黄河中游泥沙具有很强的吸持铜的能力．体系pH和泥沙理化性质对吸持具有强烈影响：当铜浓度较低时，pH是控制吸持的主要因素，不同泥沙对铜的吸持率均达到99％，泥沙吸持的空间差异很小；当铜浓度较高时，泥沙理化性质是使黄河中游泥沙吸持表现出空间差异的重要因素，碳酸盐是主要影响组份；在泥沙含量较高的条件下，单位吸持量随泥沙含量变化的规律符合“泥沙效应”规律，但吸持容量随泥沙含量升高而升高，这与泥沙含量升高导致体系pH升高有关。     

Changes in phototactic behavior of Daphnia magna clone C1 242 in response to copper, cadmium and pentachlorophenol

In order to develop a sound biotechnique for monitoring water quality that builds on the previous experiments carried out in our laboratory, a specific D. magna clone C1242 was used to study the effects of pollutants on phototactic behavior, in all experiments, the animals showed a stable and repeatable phototactic index approximated 0.2 in the presence and 0.4 in the absence of fish kairomenes, which decreased significantly in response to pollutants. There existed no pollutant x fish kairomone interaction, indicating the changes in phototactic behavior of animals imposed by pollutants were independent of the presence of fish kairomones. The detection limits for changes in phototactic behavior of D. magna clone C1 242 are 0.04 mg/L for copper, 0.02 mg/L for cadmium, and 0.80 mg/L for PCP, respectively, quite lowerthan LC50(48 h). The changes in phototactic behavior in presence to pollutants occurred quickly(3 h) compared to the period over whole acute toxicity tests. Therefore, D. magna clone C1 242 could be potentially used to monitor water quality. Moreover, the phototactic behavior did not decrease further in the pollutant mixtures employed in our experiments compared to individual pollutants, except in the Cd-PCP Lre.atme~t.This fact suggests that the formation of water quality criteria must be based upon pollutant mixture tests.Keywords: Daphnia; phototactic behavior; copper; cadmium; pentachlorophenol; fish kairomenes     

含铜印刷电路板废水的处理及综合利用

采用酸性蚀刻废液与碱性蚀刻废液混合沉铜的方法，生产工业硫酸铜。对影响产品质量和产率的主要因素———沉淀时ｐＨ值、化浆用水量和浓硫酸用量进行了探讨，找到了最佳工艺条件。同时，研究了沉淀母液中残余铜的除去方法，使之再生，可回用于碱性蚀刻液的生产。     

典型湿地沉积物中硝酸盐异化还原成铵的细菌群落结构的研究

为研究中国典型湿地沉积物硝酸盐异化还原成铵过程(Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium,DNRA)的群落组成,针对DNRA过程的功能基因nrfA进行高通量测序.选取中国典型湿地岸边带的表层沉积物8个样点,质控后每个样品得到60000条序列,在相似度≥90%得到279个OTUs进行生态学分析.由基因丰度值显示:8个湿地沉积物的丰度为(6.69±0.28)×10~7～(8.44±0.48)×10~8 copies g~(-1).多样性分析(OTUs水平)结果表明:本研究的湿地沉积物样点中,南方湿地沉积物样点的多样性要高于北方样点.对代表OTUs进行分类,共定义到8个门(Phylum),23个属(Genus).其中相对丰度最高的3个属为Anaeromyxobacter(24.71%)、Anaerolinea(9.70%)和Dokdonella(7.94%),表明三者在群落组成中占主导地位.PCoA分析(OTUs水平)表明南北方地区差异是导致中国湿地沉积物中DNRA菌群结构不同的最主要影响因素.结合沉积物理化因子分析,DNRA细菌的丰度与碳氮比、年平均降水量及年平均温度呈显著正相关.本研究在一定程度上揭示了中国典型湿地沉积物DNRA细菌的群落组成、多样性及其与环境因子的关系.     

The Role of Fungal Symbioses in the Adaptation of Plants to High Stress Environments

All plants studied in natural ecosystemsare symbiotic with fungi that either resideentirely (endophytes) or partially(mycorrhizae) within plants. Thesesymbioses appear to adapt to biotic andabiotic stresses and may be responsible forthe survival of both plant hosts and fungalsymbionts in high stress habitats. Here wedescribe the role of symbiotic fungi inplant stress tolerance and present astrategy based on adaptive symbiosis topotentially mitigate the impacts of globalchange on plant communities.