阊江河1～6级支流大型底栖无脊椎动物取食功能团演变特征

河流连续性概念(rivercontinuumconcept,RCC)将自然河流生态系统视为物理和生物的连续体,河流物理环境的梯度变化决定了生物的演变格局.为探索自然河流系统受人类干扰后大型底栖无脊椎动物的演变规律,作者于2002年5月、8月、11月对安徽省祁门县阊江河1~6级支流的大型底栖无脊椎动物进行了调查,共获7纲57科101属119种,计8813头,并详细记载了各级支流样点的栖境特点.运用“河流连续性概念”理论分析结果表明该河1~6级支流大型底栖无脊椎动物各取食功能团演变趋势符合该理论,但上游至下游的生物区系演替程度明显小于未受干扰的自然河流,1~6级支流各功能团的分布(P/%)梯度变化趋于平缓,仅捕食者数量分布与理论预测模式比较接近.各级支流相同取食功能团的优势类群各异,其种类的耐污能力随河流级别的增加总体呈上升趋势.同级支流各取食功能团的分布(P/%)比例存在季节性差异.图2表3参15     

不同性质天然水中铜在虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)鳃表的形态及对虹鳟的毒性

测定了在差异很大的4种水样(京密引水渠、北京地下水、长江南京段和汤旺河)中铜对虹鳟(Oncorhynchusmykiss)的半致死浓度,同步分析了各类水样参数和鳃铜蓄积量.用生物配位模型计算了铜在水相的形态分布和在鱼鳃表面的吸附量.研究了铜的水相形态、鳃表吸附量和鱼鳃蓄积量及毒性的关系.结果表明,铜的毒性与水相游离铜含量并无线性关系,但与鳃组织蓄积量成正比.图6参10     

核糖体RNA基因在海洋动物分子系统学中的应用

随着分子遗传标记在分子系统学中应用的发展,核糖体RNA基因因其特殊的组成结构和演化方式被广泛应用于海洋动物分子系统学研究中.本文系统地介绍了真核生物核糖体RNA基因的组成和性质及其近年来在海洋动物系统进化、分类和种质鉴定、遗传多样性研究等方面研究中的应用.从中可以看出,核糖体RNA基因已经广泛应用于海洋动物的分子系统学研究中,但主要利用的是核糖体RNA基因的一级结构.图2参36     

Influence of fertilizer and sewage sludge compost on yield and heavy metal accumulation by lettuce grown in urban soils

Previous research has demonstrated that many urban soils are enriched in Pb, Cd and Zn. Culture of vegetable crops in these soils could allow transfer of potentially toxic metals to foods. Tanya lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was grown in pots of five urban garden soils and one control agricultural soil to assess the effect of urban-soil metal enrichment, and the effect of soil amendments, on heavy metal uptake by garden vegetables. The amendments included NPK fertilizer, limestone, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, and two rates of limed sewage sludge compost. Soil Cd ranged from 0.08 to 9.6 mg kg^–1; soil Zn from 38 to 3490 mg kg^–1; and soil Pb from 12 to 5210 mg kg^–1. Lettuce yield on the urban garden soils was as great as or greater than that on the control soil. Lettuce Cd, Zn and Pb concentrations increased from 0.65, 23, and 2.2 mg kg^–1 dry matter in the control soil to as high as 3.53, 422 and 37.0 mg kg^–1 on the metal-rich urban garden soils. Adding limestone or limed sewage sludge compost raised soil pH and significantly reduced lettuce Cd and Zn, while phosphate fertilizer lowered soil pH and had little effect on Zn but increased Cd concentration in lettuce. Urban garden soils caused a significant increase in lettuce leaf Pb concentration, especially on the highest Pb soil. Adding NPK fertilizer, phosphate, or sludge compost to two high Pb soils lowered lettuce Pb concentration, but adding limestone generally did not. On normally fertilized soils, Pb uptake by lettuce was not exceptionally high until soil Pb substantially exceeded 500 mg kg^–1. Comparing garden vegetables and soil as potential sources of Pb risk to children, it is clear that the risk is greater through ingestion of soil or dust than through ingestion of garden vegetables grown on the soil. Urban dwellers should obtain soil metal analyses before selecting garden locations to reduce Pb risk to their children.     

长江中下游铜矿集中区地层、岩相、古地理控制条件

长江中下游地区铜、铁、金多金属矿床的形成和分布格局明显受特定的层位、岩性、岩相和古地理环境控制．矿床主要赋存于上石炭统黄龙组、下二叠栖霞组、下、中三叠统大冶群和东马鞍山组．而以上石炭统和下、中三叠统为最主要．主矿体都于碎屑岩相向联酸盐岩相或碳酸盐岩相向碎屑岩相的过度部位．上石炭统的矿床多数在碳酸盐浅滩相与泻湖相和浅水盆地相交接处．下、中三叠统的矿床主要分布于浅滩相与泻湖和泻湖相与交接部位．区内晚石炭世威宁期和早、中三叠世奥伦尼期（鄂东南地区）及安尼锡期（苏皖区）广泛形成的白云岩及蒸发岩沉积．与金属矿床的形成和定位关系密切．特别是膏盐层对燕中期岩浆热液的演化与成矿可能有重要作用。     

Analysis of parental strain DNA fragments existing in GEMs-Fhhh

There were 6 target DNA fragments of the three parental strains existing in the cell of GEMs( genetically engineered microorganism strain) Fhhh measured in this research by PCR(polymerase chain reaction). The determination showed that GEMs Fhhh contained all the 6 target DNA fragments, mnpl, mnp2, lipl, lip2, FLOI and 16S rDNA, and had the molecular genetic stability. Meanwhile the PCR production of each parental strain could only had its target DNA fragments and was different from each other. It may illustrate that the technique of the inter-kingdom protoplast fusion for the construction of GEMs Fhhh through the process of intercellular gene recombination could be used as a reliable bioengineefing technique to create the soecific functional stain for the nollution control.     

高镍杂铜低温生产电解铜粉试验

用杂铜电解生产铜粉时，电解液的温度一般可控制在２０￣６０℃。本文介绍了在３０℃较低温度和６００￣１２００Ａ／ｍ＾２的较低电流密度下，用杂铜电解生产铜粉的试验过程。试验结果表明：低温和低铜离子浓度对生产细粒铜粉有利，而料低电流密度在保证铜粉粒度的情况下，对节约电能有利。     

用电渗析和离子交换相结合的方法处理印制电路板氯化铜废水

据统计,我国有近千家生产印制电路板的工厂。在生产过程中,大量被刻蚀下来的铜离子随废水排放。一个年产20万m~2电路板的小型工厂,一年内就要排放掉近30t铜。这不仅浪费了铜,而且严重地污染了环境。因此,治理刻蚀工艺含铜废水具有现实意义。 传统的中和沉淀法处理刻蚀工艺含铜废水投资高、占地面积大、耗用大量化学试剂;该法处理过的水含盐量(尤其C1~-)高,不能直接回用。     

流动注射-荧光熄灭法测定水中的铜

采用单通道流动注射 -新试铜灵荧光熄灭法测定水环境中重金属离子Cu(Ⅱ )。在新试铜灵的浓度为 2 5×10 - 5mol L ,激发波长为 2 81nm ,发射波长为 419nm下 ,Cu(Ⅱ )浓度为 0 12 5～ 5mg L范围内 ,荧光强度与Cu(Ⅱ )浓度呈线性关系 ,检出限 0 0 76mg L ,进样速率 90次 min ,对 3mg L的Cu(Ⅱ ) 10次测定的相对标准偏差为 0 32 %～ 2 97% ,河水和矿井水中加标回收率为 95 %～ 10 5 %。该方法选择性好 ,适合于水环境大批量样品中微量铜的快速测定     

高含沙紊动系统中影响泥沙和铜垂向分布的关键因素分析

采用谐振式紊动模拟装置和回归正交设计试验方法，研究了均匀紊乱条件下高浓度固液两相系统中初始投沙量、颗粒级配和紊动强度等因素对泥沙和铜浓度垂向分布的影响，得到了泥沙吸附铜量、水相铜浓度和含沙量与各因素变量间的回归方程，结果表明，投沙量与泥沙吸附铜量和水相铜浓度之间呈负相关关系；紊动强度与泥沙吸附铜量和含沙量之间呈正相关关系，回归正交试验结果进一步表明，泥沙吸附铜量和水相铜浓度均与投沙量显著相关，各因素对两者的影响程度均以投沙量影响为最大，而且远远大于紊动强度和颗粒级配的影响，三因素对铜的水沙分配没有交互作用影响，沿垂向分布的实际含沙量与投沙量、紊动强度及其交互项显著相关，投沙量影响最大。