Cu、Pb、Zn火焰原子吸收多谱线分析在环境监测中的应用

对铜的 3条谱线 (2 49.2 nm、2 61 .4nm,3 2 4.8nm ) ,铅的 2条谱线 (2 83 .3 nm、2 1 7.0 1 nm )以及锌的 2条谱线(3 0 7.6nm、2 1 3 .9nm ) ,共 7条谱线的灵敏度、检测限、线性范围进行了归纳性总结 ,并对多种共存元素可能存在的干扰情况进行了研究 ,认为利用元素不同分析谱线的分析灵敏度差异 ,根据被测元素在样品消解液中含量 ,选择合适的谱线进行分析 ,既降低工作强度 ,又能获得满意结果     

The distribution of molybdenum in the tissues of wild ducks

The Mo contents and the relations between Mo and Cu or Crcontents were investigated in the organs of Japanese wild ducks(spotbill duck, pintail, wigeon, scaup and tufted duck). Thehighest Mo content in kidney and liver of the dabbling duckswere more than 30 g g^-1 dry weight (g g^-1 d.wt.), though that of diving ducks were less than 11 gg^-1 d. wt. The contents were lower in the ducks migratingwithin Japan, Eurasia and North America than those in the birdsmigrating between Japan and Eurasia. The contents of liver inall species were more than 50 and less than 5 g g^-1 d.wt. for Cu and Cr, respectively. Significant correlations werefound between Mo and both elements in pintail and scaup, and Moand Cr in tufted duck. These results suggest that thecontamination of wild ducks reflects the reproductive area, andnot the collected area. Mo contents closely correlated with theCu and/or Cr contaminations.     

双硫腙-CTMAB光度法测定锌的研究

在硼砂 -氢氧化钠缓冲溶液 (p H=1 1 .0 )中 ,溴化十六烷基三甲胺 (CTMAB)存在下双硫腙与锌生成可溶于水的 2∶ 1红色络合物 ,λmax=540 nm ,ε=7.3 0× 1 0 4 L· cm-1· mol-1,锌含量在 0～ 0 .6mg/L内符合比耳定律。本法可用于水样中锌含量的测定     

厌氧颗粒污泥藻酸盐对铜离子的吸附研究

从厌氧颗粒污泥中成功提取出细菌藻酸盐并制备成藻酸钙吸附剂,研究其对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附性能。实验结果表明,接触时间、Cu~(2+)初始浓度和溶液初始pH是影响Cu~(2+)吸附性能的重要因素。吸附等温线研究表明,Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地描述吸附过程。Cu~(2+)在藻酸钙上的吸附动力学过程可以很好地用Pseudo二级动力学方程来描述。以100 mmol/L HCI为解吸剂,可有效洗脱藻酸钙上95%的Cu~(2+),实现Cu~(2+)的回收。     

固相萃取富集快速测定水样中痕量铜离子

采用固相萃取（SPE）富集水样中痕量铜离子继以分光光度法测定的方法,对样品浓度、SPE柱流速等诸多影响SPE柱效率的因素进行了研究,建立了一种简便、快速测定水样中痕量铜离子的新方法。结果表明,样品浓度低时,经过SPE柱时流速低,SPE柱富集效率高。当铜离子浓度为0－20μg／L时,铜离子富集倍数可达2000倍,回收率大于90％,相对标准偏差为6．5％,方法检测限可达0．5μg／L。     

ZnO/LixNi1-xO光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备LixNi1-xO和ZnO粉体,利用球磨法制备ZnO/LixNi1-xO复合粉体,以紫外光为光源,通过降解甲基橙,研究了锂掺杂及n-p复合对氧化镍的光催化性能影响。结果表明：当投放量为0.1 g/L,x≤0.075（摩尔分数）的锂掺杂氧化镍均比未掺杂氧化镍的光催化活性高。当锂掺杂摩尔分数为0.025,投放量为0.4 g/L时锂掺杂氧化镍的光催化活性最佳,甲基橙最高降解率达到93.1%。当ZnO/Li0.025Ni0.975O在质量比为1∶1,投放量为0.2 g/L时光催化活性最佳,甲基橙最高降解率达到98.1%。     

玉米光谱小波奇异熵的铜污染监测研究

不同浓度铜离子(Cu2+)胁迫梯度下的玉米叶片光谱存在细微差异,但传统的光谱相似性测度方法难以区分健康的与受污染的玉米叶片光谱间的变异信息.为此,本文结合小波变换和奇异熵理论,构建小波奇异熵(Wavelet Singular Entropy,WSE)方法用于Cu2+胁迫下的玉米污染程度分析与污染监测.通过设置不同浓度Cu2+胁迫梯度下的玉米盆栽实验,依据玉米叶片的光谱测量数据和所测定的叶片中Cu2+含量,并与绿峰高度(Green-peak Height,GH)和红谷吸收深度(Red-valley Depth,RD)光谱特征参数法污染监测应用结果进行对比分析,研究WSE方法的Cu2+污染监测效果.结果表明,WSE值与Cu2+胁迫梯度、玉米叶片中Cu2+含量呈显著正相关,WSE值大小能够较好地表征叶片光谱的污染信息奇异性及其污染程度.     

处理含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的Inmetco工艺

Ｉｎｍｅｔｃｏ工艺是处理含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的重要方法。本文在实验的基础上，对该工艺处理我国含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的可行性和合理性作了论述。     

废旧印刷线路板电解过程中铜的分布特性

以废旧印刷线路板粉末为原材料,采用压片电解方法回收单质铜,研究了CuSO_4·5H2O浓度、H_2SO_4浓度、电流密度、电解时间和NaCl浓度对电解过程中Cu分布特性的影响。结果表明:废旧印刷线路板中的Cu以Cu2+的形式进入溶液,最终以粉末形式沉积在阴极;过高的H_2SO_4浓度、电流密度和NaCl浓度会导致析氢反应等,从而降低Cu在阴极和溶液中的分布;当CuSO_4·5H_2O浓度、H_2SO_4浓度、电流密度、电解时间、NaCl浓度分别为50 g/L、6 mol/L、80 m A/cm~2、5 h、40 g/L时,Cu在阴极、溶液、阳极泥中的分布比率分别为63.16%、34.14%和2.70%。     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics.