应用绿色材料的室内设计对室内空气质量的影响分析研究

多数室内装饰材料中含有氡、苯、甲醛等挥发性有害物质,对室内空气造成污染的同时,还危害人体健康.采用绿色材料进行室内设计,可降低室内空气污染.对室内空气中的污染源进行研究,分析可吸入颗粒、甲醛、人造板材、地毯、壁纸及涂料等对空气质量的影响.通过对涂料、抗菌材料、无机木材和无机玻璃的应用进行论述,完成应用绿色材料的室内空气质量分析.采用绿色材料装饰后,对室内各区域空气质量进行检测,全面分析绿色材料对室内空气质量的影响.     

小麦秸秆驱动菱铁矿热解制备磁性生物质碳及其吸附Cd2+活性

以小麦秸秆和菱铁矿为原料,在500℃下热处理改性,制备了一种C-Fe_3O_4复合材料.采用FTIR、XRD、SEM、BET、磁化率仪对C-Fe_3O_4复合材料(以下统称复合材料)进行表征.考察了接触时间、初始pH、初始Cd~(2+)浓度、离子强度对Cd~(2+)去除率的影响,结合吸附前后表征结果分析了复合材料对Cd~(2+)的吸附机制.结果表明:复合材料及单独煅烧制备的小麦秸秆炭的比表面积分别为23.38 m~2·g~(-1)和7.20 m~2·g~(-1),孔容积分别为1.04×10-1cm~3·g~(-1)和2.23×10-2cm~3·g~(-1),平均孔径分别为17.74 nm和12.38 nm;红外光谱显示复合材料和小麦秸秆炭表面富含羧基、羟基等具有金属离子吸附活性的官能团;磁化率测试结果显示复合材料的质量磁化率为42 900×10~(-8)m~3·kg~(-1).复合材料对Cd~(2+)的吸附动力学用准二级动力学模型拟合度最好;吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型;pH在3.0~6.0之间,吸附容量随pH增大而升高,pH在6.0~9.0之间,吸附容量趋于稳定;pH在4.0~9.0之间,解析量随pH增大而减少;离子强度从1 mmol·L~(-1)增至100 mmol·L~(-1),Cd~(2+)的吸附容量略有减少,解析率由0.51%提升至8.5%;说明复合材料主要通过表面络合作用及离子交换去除溶液中的Cd~(2+).此外,复合材料的磁化性能使其在固液分离方面比一般的吸附材料具有很大优势.     

Manufacture and Biodegradation of Wheat Gluten/Basalt Composite Material

Wheat gluten is a naturally occurring protein polymer. It is biodegradable and very inexpensive (less than $1.00/kg). Nonfood applications of wheat gluten have been explored to develop biodegradable polymers from renewable resources. In this work, gluten was reinforced with unidirectional basalt fibers in a compression molding operation. Biodegradation behavior of wheat gluten/basalt composites was examined by putting specimens into soil of prescribed moisture content. Specimens were removed at various time intervals and tested for mass loss and change in mechanical properties. Both mass and mechanical properties show a steady decline over a soil exposure time of 40 days. However, the basalt composite retained mechanical properties longer. At the same time, the bacterial count on the specimen surfaces increased exponentially. Field emission scanning electron microscope images show smooth fracture surfaces, indicating brittle failure of the wheat gluten. However, there are many small holes in the protein matrix with diameter of order 100 nm. These small inclusions may contribute to the brittleness through stress concentration.     

模糊聚类法在化学事故中未知化学品判断的应用研究

介绍一种基于微机的有毒有害物质判定方法。用模糊聚类分析法对已有化学品知识库分类。通过对化学品事故现场观察到的综合信息的核查和量化，根据一个判定准则和优化方案，找到未知化学品的归属，同时给出一个比较保守的判断结果，作为突发事故的急救处理和对环境危害的快速评估依据。     

用废砖制作利废型轻质墙体材料试验研究

采用正交试验的方法,研究了废砖、废聚苯粒及天然砂的不同配比对利废型轻质墙材性能的影响,配制出了抗压强度5.0 MPa以上,表观密度1 100 kg/m3以下,导热系数0.2 W(/m.K)以下,50次冻循环强度损失率20%以下,质量损失率5%以下的利废型轻质墙材,并讨论了骨料的不同配比与性能的关系。     

Materials for alternative plant protection

Abstract

Information will be presented as to the use of various materials for alternative protection of crop plants against fungal pathogens.     

Properties of alkali-activated fly ash: high performance to lightweight

Alkali ash material (AAM) concrete is a unique material that is sustainable and cost-effective because it utilises waste fly ash, and has properties superior to other concrete products. The AAM concrete described here is produced from the addition of inexpensive chemicals to fly ash. AAM can be used to create a wide range of materials including high performance concrete (HPC-AAM) and lightweight (LW-AAM). The high performance AAM provides rapid strength gain along with high ultimate strengths of more than 110 MPa (16000 psi). LW-AAM can produce materials with densities ranging from 1200 to 2200 kg/m³ and compressive strengths from 2 (290 psi) to 65 MPa (9500 psi). Both HPC-AAM and LW-AAM have far better environmental resistance than Portland cement concrete, resisting attack from sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and organic acids. AAMs resists freeze–thaw attack and high abrasion, possesses low chloride permeability and does not exhibit alkali silica reactivity.     

高掺比粉煤灰-微珠保温制品工艺研究

本文从微珠、粉煤灰和粘土相近的化学成分出发 ,分析了混合料的结合和反应机理 ,在这个基础上研究了各种配方情况下的保温砖的成型工艺 ,指出烧结法工艺品有良好的性能 ,掺入较多的粉煤灰将有更好的环境效益和经济效益。为了简化工艺 ,节约能源 ,便于推广 ,初步研究了用化学方法粘结的非烧结工艺———这是一种有前途的保温砖成型工艺。     

危险品道路运输选线问题分析

从运输网、运输危险源、影响区域3方面提出了危险品道路运输风险分析的框架.将道路固有特征、气象条件、交通状况和人口密度分布等风险减缓或扩大因素划分为8类,重点讨论了主要路线的自变量和因变量因素.采用双层选线管理模式,深入分析了最小化运输事故概率和暴露人口风险模型.应用权数调整节点标号算法和边线标号算法解决危险品道路运输选线问题.对影响区暴露人口的选取做了深入探讨,考虑了邻接交迭路段暴露人数的误差,对准确计算危险品运输风险有重要价值.