区域资源开发的系统转换理论

作者在分析资源与资源功能的基础上,以区际资源功能互补转换和区内资源结构对应转换为主题,论述了有关“区域资源开发的系统转换理论”的新思想。     

九龙壁石的显微结构和元素分析

福建九龙江流域分布的九龙壁石,经分析为透辉石矽卡岩,主要成分为透辉石,斜长石及石英等构成.其化学元素为Si、Ca、Al、Fe、Mg等24种.九龙壁石花纹美丽,可作工艺品等.     

Ecological Variation in the Morphological Structure of the Crown in Siberian Stone Pine at the Timberline

The structure of the crown and branching; the growth, development, and ontogeny of branches; and organogenesis and growth of female shoots in the model Siberian stone pine trees were studied in four types of habitats at the timberline in the central Altai Mountains (1700–2170 m a.s.l.). The results provided evidence that the ecological forms of trees appear due to changes in the pattern of branching as well as to the decreased rate of vegetative (primarily apical) growth. The diameter of the shoot pith is one of the most variable characters reflecting the deterioration of environmental conditions at higher elevations.     

Variability of the Flower Structure in European Starflower (Trientalis europaeaL.) in Natural Populations

Flower variability was studied in natural populations of European starflower (Trientalis europaeaL.). The results showed that the flower structure in this species is determined by two parameters: the multiplicity of primordia of flower components and the uniformity of flower meristem development. The frequencies of nonuniformly developing flowers differs depending on the habitat. It appears that both parameters are largely determined by random fluctuations.     

Spatial Distribution of Sables in the Middle Ob Region

Results of stationary studies on the spatial location of sables (Martes zibellinaL.) belonging to different age and sex groups are summarized. Mapping the sites where 388 animals were taken, it was found that young animals tended to live near floodplains; adult animals, on watersheds. Analysis of sables taken by commercial hunters (n= 1833) made it possible to estimate the age composition and the degree and spatial distribution of the hunting pressure on sable populations in three areas of the Ob region. The spatial separation of young and reproductive animals is interpreted as a group adaptive response to the specific distribution pattern of different habitats typical of this species and to the pattern of animal elimination. It is proposed to use the specific pattern of animal distribution for maintaining the size of the population that is subject to hunting. Specifically, reserve (reproductive) territories should be organized in watershed areas.     

The role of migration and founder effect for the evolution of cooperation in a multilevel selection context

The idea that natural selection can be meaningfully applied at the group level may be more important than previously thought. This perspective, a modern version of group selection, is called multilevel selection. Multilevel selection theory could incorporate previous explanations for the evolution of cooperation including kin selection. There is general agreement that natural selection favors noncooperators over cooperators in the case of an unstructured population. Therefore, the evolution of cooperation by multilevel selection often requires positive assortment between cooperators and noncooperators. The question is how this positive assortment can arise in the ecological meaning. We constructed an individual-based model of multilevel selection and introduced migration and evolution. The results showed that positive assortment was generated especially when a migration strategy was adopted in which individuals respond specifically to bad environmental conditions. It was also shown that the founder effect in the evolutionary process could further facilitate positive assortment by working with migration. We analyzed assortment by using relatedness defined in group-structured populations. The fact that cooperation was achieved by such migration and by the founder effect highlights the importance of sensitiveness to the ecological environment and of fluctuations in group size, respectively.     

建筑物结构变化对大气污染影响的试验研究

通过风洞实验对大气污染物扩散特性进行了模拟试验研究,重点讨论了建筑物结构形式变化对周围环境污染浓度的影响,在此基础上对影响污染浓度的各个要素进行了分析与讨论,得到了大气污染物在复杂结构建筑物之间扩散的一般规律。     

楔形障碍物与火焰的作用

采用多镜头Cranz ＆ Schardin高速摄影机,对卧式燃烧方管内楔形障碍物与CH4/空气预混火焰的相互作用进行了实验研究,获得了高清淅度的障碍物诱导火焰失稳的分幅时序照片.基于RANS方法,对上述复杂物理现象进行了数值模拟.计算结果与实验结果基本相符,反映了火焰在管内传播与变形的详细过程,得到了楔形障碍物所导致的火焰加速与变形的内在机理,揭示了火焰传播过程中由层流燃烧向湍流燃烧转捩的本质.     

黄河三角洲二元结构与多元可持续发展初探

黄河三角洲由石油资源的开发而兴起,其区位条件和油气资源条件都十分优越,但目前仍处于经济发达地区的低谷区。通过对二元结构系数的定量分析,发现该地区具有明显的复合二元结构特征,即“油地+城乡”,二元结构是制约三角洲持续发展的一个重要限制性因素。目前,石油产业的全面改组改制、优越的外部环境和自身基础条件、东营港扩建及其附属加工制造业基地的立项、综合性交通运输网络体系的形成等都是三角洲全面发展的难得机遇。要实现多元可持续发展的目标,必须转变观念,由“以油建城”到“以港兴城”、大力发展资源深加工工业和具有竞争优势的制造业;构建高效生态农业经济体系;推进城市的“内聚式”发展。     

蓬安城市污水处理工程设计

氧化沟工艺是目前城市生活污水处理的主流工艺之一,利用该工艺处理四川蓬安城市生活污水,出水达到了(GB8978-1996)《污水综合排放标准》的一级标准。本文介绍了该污水处理工程的污水水质及处理标准、处理工艺流程的选择、主要处理构筑物和设备、设计特点及处理效果、主要技术经济指标等,供污水处理工程设计人员参考。