磁性活性污泥在废水处理中作用机理的探讨

文章主要讨论了磁性活性污泥在废水处理中的作用机理,指出了在活性污泥中加入磁性粉末后,使活性污泥的结构得到了改善,污泥的沉降性能、污泥中微生物活性及抗污染物冲击负荷能力都优于普通活性污泥,并且使污泥对废水中的有机物、N、P等营养物质及重金属的去除效率有较大的提高.这主要与磁性粉末有较大比表面积及表面的键态、电子态有关.     

关于如何拓宽胶粉应用的思考

为了拓宽胶粉的应用，主要从精细和超细胶粉的生产、胶粉的表面改性、再生胶粉的生产三个方面阐述了拓宽胶粉应用的途径和可行性。     

钢渣处置工艺的清洁生产研究与实施

该课题研究了用水淬法和蒸汽法相结合的技术消除钢渣中的游离氧化钙;用传统的破碎磁选与高精度的强磁选相结合,以独创的递进除铁技术使钢渣中的含铁量由18%降至1%;用专项技术改制的管式磨、活化环,蒸汽熟化,递进式除铁,o-sepa选粉,高频振动粉磨,PPC集料器组成钢渣微粉清洁生产工艺.结果表明该工艺在国内尚属首例,具有较好的推广应用价值.     

用高效分散剂碳化法从煤矸石中制备超细氢氧化铝粉体

利用煤矸石为原料制备超细氢氧化铝粉体.采用高温煅烧活化煤矸石,利用C2S晶相转变制备煤矸石自粉化料,用8%Na2CO3溶液从煤矸石自粉化料中以NaAlO2形式提取铝组分,用高效分散剂碳化法制备超细氢氧化铝粉体.研究了高效分散剂碳化法制备高纯超细氢氧化铝粉体的影响因素,找出了高效分散剂碳化法制备超细氢氧化铝粉体的最佳条件,制备出了平均粒度＜100nm、纯度＞99.9%的氢氧化铝,为煤矸石的高价值利用开辟了一条新的途径.     

Degradation of benomyl, picloram, and dicamba in a conical apparatus by zero-valent iron powder

Reduction of some pesticides (benomyl, picloram, and dicamba) was studied in an aerobic batch conical pilot system to investigate the disappearance of these pesticides on contact with iron powder (20 g/l, 325-mesh). Aqueous buffered solutions of the compounds were added to the system followed by zero-valent iron powder (ZVIP), and the decline in the pesticide concentrations was monitored over time. HPLC analyses show a complete disappearance of picloram (1.20 mg/l) after 20 min of reaction. Benomyl (1.00 mg/l) and dicamba (1.25 mg/l) disappear after 25 and 40 min, respectively. The t₅₀ values ranged from 3 to 5.5 min, and were about slightly less than the t_1/2 values reported when the log of the relative HPLC peak area was plotted versus time, where the relative peak area was calculated by dividing the measured peak area by the initial peak area. Pathways for the degradation of the studied pesticides by ZVIP are proposed.     

Biosorption of copper ions from dilute aqueous solutions on base treated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves powder: kinetics, isotherm, and biosorption mechanisms

The effciency of sodium hydroxide treated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves powder (NHBL) for removing copper ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The e?ects of physicochemical parameters on biosorption capacities such as stirring speed, pH, biosorbent dose, initial concentrations of copper, and ionic strength were studied. The biosorption capacities of NHBL increased with increase in pH, stirring speed and copper concentration but decreased with increase in biosorbent dose and ionic strength...     

进口粉末涂料物料固体废物鉴别方法的建立

粉末涂料生产过程中产生的固体废物属于我国禁止进口的固体废物,进口粉末涂料物料是否属于固体废物仅凭借口岸监管人员的常识和肉眼观察无法确定,需要通过专门的固体废物鉴别确定,但迄今为止没有粉末涂料物料的固体废物鉴别标准、规范或方法,因此,非常有必要建立进口粉末涂料物料的固体废物鉴别方法.在对多例进口粉末涂料物料固体废物鉴别实例总结归纳的基础上,建立了其固体废物鉴别方法:①确定物料的自然属性,包括利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析主要成分;利用低温电炉和马弗炉得到有机物和无机物的大概质量分数;采用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）分析灼烧残渣的主要成分及其质量分数.②确定物料的产生来源,判断出物料是否属于粉末涂料产品,具体指通过肉眼观察物理形态和杂质;测量粉末部分的粒度分布;分析粉末部分的容器中状态、粒径分布、涂膜外观和耐冲击性等HG/T 2006—2006《热固性粉末涂料》中要求的指标.③确定物料的固体废物属性,即根据GB 34330—2017《固体废物鉴别标准通则》中的相关条款,得出物料的固体废物鉴别结论.利用该方法对海关怀疑为固体废物的以粉末涂料产品名义申报进口的两种物料进行了固体废物鉴别,鉴别结果显示,两种物料均产生于粉末涂料产品生产过程,分别为不合格粉或者过期粉和超细粉,均属于我国禁止进口的固体废物,显示所建立的固体废物鉴别方法可行,可为进口粉末涂料生产过程中产生的物料的固体废物鉴别和监管提供参考.      

双基球扁药工艺优化仿真研究

目的优化双基球扁药成球工艺参数,解决由于目前双基球扁药理论研究不充分、控制模型不明确、生产工艺参数调控依靠人工经验所导致的药品成球后直径、弧厚偏差大的问题。方法利用BP神经网络在处理复杂非线性映射问题上的强大的能力,对成球关键工艺参数与成球质量指标进行建模,并应用成球工艺过程仿真数据对其进行训练,将训练得到的BP神经网络模型用于优化成球工艺参数。同时利用仿真数据进行检验模型的可靠性。结果训练后BP神经网络均方误差为0.001,成球直径误差率为1.27%,成球弧厚误差率为2.08%,成球质量参数误差均很小,可以满足工艺要求。结论该BP神经网络模型具有较高精度,适用于含能材料工艺优化,提出的成球工艺优化方法能有效降低成球试制成本,缩短生产周期。     

X-荧光光谱法在土壤调查中的应用

采用硼酸镶边、垫底压制土壤粉末样品,用X-荧光光谱仪分析其中铜、铅、铬、锌、镍等元素浓度。主要讨论了样品粒度对分析元素测定结果的影响。分析了标准样品及实际样品,其结果与标准值及化学法、原子吸收法测定结果相吻合。用土壤标准物质作精密度试验,统计结果表明,各组分RSD均小于3.74%。     

Efficiency characterization of fire extinguishing compound superfine powder containing Mg(OH)2

To improve the fire extinguishing efficiency of existing dry powders, a new type of superfine dry powder was prepared using magnesium hydroxide as an additive. In our study, a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to analyze the thermal decomposition of the synthesized powders. The temperature of thermal decomposition, weight loss, and other thermodynamic parameters of the fire extinguishing powders were analyzed to explain the performance advantages of the compound superfine powder. Through a small-scale fire experiment, the physical parameters of the extinguishing process—such as extinguish time, powder dosage, smoke concentration, and minimum extinguishing concentration—were quantified for the suppression of a diesel fire using the different powders; these parameters were used to evaluate the fire extinguishing capacity and toxic gas suppression ability of the powders. TGA demonstrated that the compound superfine powder decomposed more quickly and its thermal decomposition process was much shorter than those of the other powders. The DSC data indicated that the compound superfine powder could decrease the characteristic temperature at each stage and thus the powder absorbed the flame's heat more quickly and suppressed flame propagation. The fire extinguishing test demonstrated that the consumption of the three types of fire extinguishing powder decreased with an increase in the driving pressure, and the order of powder dosage was as follows: commercial dry powder > superfine powder > compound superfine powder. Similarly, the order of minimum extinguishing concentration was as follows: commercial dry powder > superfine powder > compound superfine powder. Furthermore, the compound superfine powder exhibited a greater capacity for controlling toxic and harmful gas emissions.