玉米淀粉废水的处理技术

本文介绍玉米淀粉废水的特性,废水处理工艺路线,工艺设计中应着重考虑的问题及设计参数的选择。     

膜生物反应器处理低温低浊水的工艺研究

针对低温低浊水处理的难题,采用膜生物反应器(MBR) 工艺对松花江冬季原水进行处理试验研究,考察MBR工艺对浑浊度和有机污染物的去除效果及膜过滤周期.试验结果表明,MBR工艺对浑浊度的去除率在90%以上,出水浑浊度低于1NTU.对高锰酸盐指数和UV₂₅₄的去除率分别可达40%～50%和30%～45%.膜过滤周期较长,可达60～70 h.投加PAC可提高对有机物的去除率,但对膜过滤性能的影响不显著.MBR工艺可有效处理低温低浊水,出水水质优于常规工艺出水水质.在原水有机物污染严重时,可投加PAC形成PAC-MBR组合工艺,增强对有机污染物的去除效果.     

可渗透反应墙对地下水中多氯联苯的处理

以还原铁粉、铸铁粉、铸铁粉与活性炭的混合物为可渗透反应墙(PRB)的主要反应介质,设计了三种反应体系,处理多氯联苯PCBs(1242)污染的地下水.在有效孔隙率为60%-65%,水力停留时间为12-14.4h的条件下,考察其对污染物的去除效果.结果显示:三个反应体系中,pH值从6.83分别升高到10.66,9.40和8.50;氧化还原电位从81mV分别降到-30mV,-18mV和12mV;PCBs(1242)的去除率分别为91.0%,93.9%,94.5%.     

Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activities of boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2

Boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized using modified sol-gel reaction process and characterized by X- ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, particle size distribution （PSD）, diffuse reflectance spectra （DRS）, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by monitoring the degradation of dye Acid Red B （ARB）. The results showed that the prepared photocatalysts were mixed oxides mainly consisting of titania, ceria, and boron oxide. The structure of TiO2 could be transformed from amorphous to anatase and then to rutile by increasing calcination temperature; the transformation being accompanied by the growth of particle size without any obvious change in phase structure of CeO2. The XPS of B1.6Ce1.0-TiO2 prepared at 500℃ showed that a few boron atoms were incorporated into titania and ceria lattice, whereas others existed as B2O3. Cerium ions existed in two states, Ce^3＋ and Ce^4＋, and the atomic ratio of Ce^3＋/Ce^4＋ was 1.86. When boron and cerium were doped, the UV-Vis adsorption band wavelength showed an obvious shift toward the visible range （〈526 nm）. As the atomic ratio of Ce/Ti increased to 1.0, the absorbance edge wavelength increased to 481 nm. The absorbance edge wavelength decreased for higher cerium doping levels （Ce/Ti=2.0）. The particles size ranged from 122 to 255 nm with a domain at 168 nm （39.4%）. The degradation of ARB dye indicated that the photocatalytic activities of boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2 were much higher than those of P25 （a standard TiO2 powder）. The activities increased as the boron doping increased, whereas decreased when the Ce/Ti atomic ratio was greater than 0.5. The optimum atomic ratio of B/Ti and Ce/Ti was 1.6 and 0.5, respectively.     

干熄焦地下皮带通廊焦粉燃爆可能性研究

为研究干熄焦焦粉燃爆的可能性,在某焦化厂干熄焦输焦皮带机头和除尘站两个位置,取焦粉尘样进行工业分析和粒度分析,并测量地下皮带通廊代表段的焦粉尘浓度。分析显示,干熄焦地下皮带通廊焦粉水分较低,均低于3%;所选两个位置的粒度分布较为接近;实验测得所取焦粉尘的爆炸下限质量浓度在160~180 g/m~3之间。现场地下皮带通廊焦粉质量浓度值最高为8.95 g/m~3,远低于其爆炸下限,燃爆的可能性较低。     

QuEChERS-based study on residue determination and dissipation of three herbicides in corn fields using HPLC-MS/MS

A rapid, simple, and selective analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of florasulam, fluroxypyr, and fluroxypyr-meptyl in corn grain, plant, and soil using the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method gave mean recoveries in the range of 80%–108%, with limits of quantification ranging from 2 to 10 µg kg^?1. The half-lives of the three compounds were 1.3–1.3, 0.7–1.3, and 0.7–1.3 days in plants, and 1.1–2.1, 0.4–1.3, and 0.4–1.3 days in soil. The terminal residues in all the matrices were found to be less than the limits of quantification at the pre-harvest intervals of 53 and 78 days. These results not only gave insights about the analytes but also contributed to the safe use of the broad-spectrum herbicides and a reference for establishing the maximum residue limit of florasulam in corn in China.     

兰坪铅锌矿区周边农田土壤--玉米体系Pb含量及其污染特征研究

以云南省兰坪县铅锌矿周边农田为研究对象,测定和分析其上生长的玉米植株及其根部土壤Pb含量,结果表明：①云南省兰坪县铅锌矿区周边农田生长的玉米根、茎、叶和籽实Pb的平均含量分别为219．17mg／kg、99．2mg／kg、142．86mg／kg、79．18mg／kg;②云南省兰坪县铅锌矿区周边农田土壤Pb含量为1126．12—3640．25mg,／kg,是我国土壤环境质量标准（GB15618--1995）的7．5～25．8倍;③13个玉米样品籽实Pb含量超过了我国粮食卫生标准（NY861-2004）的19．1—588．9倍;④玉米根部土壤Pb含量和玉米叶片中的Pb含量呈极显著正相关。     

聚酯粉末涂料在湿热环境的自然老化与 氙灯老化的相关性研究

目的考查聚酯粉末涂料的自然和人工老化的相关性。方法在琼海湿热气候环境开展NH3307、NH5307、NH9307系列的三种聚酯粉末涂料的自然暴露试验,通过开展4种氙灯加速老化试验,比较自然和加速老化的相关性,选出最适合模拟湿热环境的氙灯加速老化方法。基于涂料的保光率,对模拟湿热环境的氙灯加速老化试验方法及自然湿热环境(琼海)的加速性进行探讨。结果经过24个月的自然老化后,NH3307和NH5307涂料的保光率下降到初始性能的50%左右,NH9307涂料下降到70%左右。氙灯加速老化方法 2对3种涂料加速因子分别为17.62、12.44和10.36。结论 NH9307涂料具有最好的耐候性。氙灯加速老化试验方法 2能够较好地模拟涂料在湿热环境中的老化过程。     

玉米秸秆黄原酸盐对铅离子的动态吸附特征

玉米秸秆黄原酸盐是一种新型的重金属吸附材料.为了揭示玉米秸秆黄原酸盐对溶液中铅离子的动态吸附特征,本文通过柱体穿透吸附模拟实验方法,研究了玉米秸秆黄原酸对流体中铅离子的吸附穿透曲线、吸附效率及水体流速、初始浓度、填柱高度等因素对其吸附特性的影响,并采用The Thomas、The Bohart-Adams、The Wolborskal和The Yoon-Nelson等模型进行动力学拟合.结果表明,流速、初始浓度、填柱高度等因素对玉米秸秆黄原酸盐吸附铅离子的穿透曲线都有明显影响,Thomas模型和Yoon-Nelson模型能较好反映吸附过程特征.实验表明,玉米秸秆黄原酸盐对铅离子的吸附量为175 mg·g~(-1),吸附后的玉米秸秆黄原酸盐残渣体性能稳定.     

制备方法对二氧化钛粉末薄膜光电极性能的影响研究

目的研究光电功能涂层制备方法对粉末薄膜光电极的光电转换效率的影响。方法采用喷涂法制备光电材料的FTO薄膜光电极,观察其表面形貌,通过研究光电流和光电位的变化评价光电材料的光电转换效率,并与点涂法和电泳法制备的光电极进行对比分析。结果喷涂法制备的二氧化钛FTO薄膜光电极性能优于其他两种方法制备的电极,在3.5%氯化钠溶液中,光电位变化更稳定,压降大于500 m V,光电流变化大于60μA/cm~2。结论喷涂法制备光电极能够提高半导体粉末材料的光电化学效率,是一种可推行的薄膜光电极制备方法。