杜仲叶.粉对肉鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

为探明杜仲叶粉对肉鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响，按0．5％、1％、1．5％、2％的比例在肉鸡的基础日粮中添加杜仲叶粉，以不添加杜仲叶粉作为对照，经60天饲养试验期后，对各组鸡的日增重、饲料报酬(增重与耗料之比)、胴体品质及血液生化指标进行检测，结果表明：杜仲叶粉能提高肉鸡饲料报酬，改善胴体品质，改善血液生化指标．     

高压水射流超细粉碎的压力与粒度的关系

从理论分析和实验研究两方面，对高压水射流超细粉碎压力与粒度的定量关系进行了研究。根据流体力学理论，推导出粉体颗粒的动能与射流压力成正比；再由Ｒｉｔｔｉｎｇｅｒ的“表面积假说”，得出高压水射流超细粉碎的压力与产品调和平均粒度倒数和给料调和平均粒度倒数之差成正比；并在不同压力和给料粒度下，用水射流对云母粉进行了超细粉碎实验。实验结果与理论结果相当吻合。     

超细三七粉最小引燃温度实验研究

为研究三七粉着火燃烧的参数,用粉尘云引燃温度装置和粉尘层引燃温度装置,对三七粉的最小引燃温度(MIT)进行实验研究。分别研究喷吹压力、质量浓度、粉尘层厚度对MIT的影响。结果表明:三七粉尘云的质量在0.2 g时最小引燃温度随着喷尘压力的增加先减小再增大,在0.3 g到0.6 g时最小引燃温度随着喷尘压力的增加而增大;在压力20 kPa、30 kPa时随着质量浓度的增大,粉尘云引燃温度先减小后增大,在40 kPa到60 kPa时,随着质量浓度的增大,粉尘云引燃温度增大;粉尘云最小引燃温度高于粉尘层最小引燃温度;三七粉尘云的最小引燃温度399℃,粉尘层最小引燃温度240℃。     

MBR与SMBR脱氮除磷特性及膜污染控制

为提高污水深度处理效能和工艺运行的稳定性,研究以序批式膜生物反应器(SMBR)与传统膜生物反应器(MBR)为对象,对比研究其脱氮除磷特性、缺氧时间对工艺效率的影响及膜污染控制策略,同时应用分子生物学技术对两种工艺中微生物群落结构和组成进行分析.结果表明,间歇曝气能强化系统脱氮,使SMBR工艺去除总氮效果优于MBR,而在氨氮、总磷、COD、浊度去除方面两者无明显差异,去除率分别为94%、78%、80%、97%.延长SMBR工艺缺氧时间对COD、氨氮去除无显著影响,降低了总氮、总磷的去除率,总氮去除率由61%下降到46%,总磷由74%下降到52%.采用间歇曝气和投加一定浓度的粉末活性炭(PAC)均有利于减缓膜污染.微生物群落分析发现,两种工艺中微生物群落结构和组成无显著差异,硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)和脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)为系统中的高丰度功能菌群,为工艺高效运行提供了生物学基础.     

Mercury leaching characteristics of waste treatment residues generated from various sources in Korea

In this study, mercury (Hg) leaching characteristics of the waste treatment residues (fly ash, bottom ash, sludge, and phosphor powder) generated from various sources (municipal, industrial, medical waste incinerators, sewage sludge incinerator, oil refinery, coal-fired power plant, steel manufacturing plant, fluorescent lamp recycler, and cement kiln) in Korea were investigated. First, both Hg content analysis and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) testing was conducted for 31 collected residue samples. The Hg content analysis showed that fly ash from waste incinerators contained more Hg than the other residue samples. However, the TCLP values of fly ash samples with similar Hg content varied widely based on the residue type. Fly ash samples with low and high Hg leaching ratios (R_L) were further analyzed to identify the major factors that influence the Hg leaching potential. Buffering capacity of the low-R_L fly ash was higher than that of the high-R_L fly ash. The Hg speciation results suggest that the low-R_L fly ashes consisted primarily of low-solubility Hg compounds (Hg₂Cl₂, Hg⁰ or HgS), whereas the high-R_L fly ashes contain more than 20% high-solubility Hg compounds (HgCl₂ or HgSO₄).     

利用酸法和酶法水解玉米芯发酵生产木糖醇

利用稀硫酸和纤维素酶预处理玉米芯,得到不同木糖含量的水解液,并利用热带假丝酵母进行发酵.结果表明,酸法获得水解液中的木糖浓度较高,酸法水解组中木糖醇产量和转化率均略高于酶法水解组,两者间差异不显著.     

Effect of Inoculating Flower Stalks and Vegetable Waste with Ligno-cellulolytic Microorganisms on the Composting Process

Abstract

A lab-scale composting experiment was carried out using vegetable and flower stalks waste to study the effectiveness of ligno-cellulolytic microorganisms (LCMs) obtained from the previous isolation on composting process, especially on enhancement of biodegradation rate of these organic materials. The addition of LCMs to compost showed promised to be a valuable asset by rendering timely benefits in efficiency, maturity, and quality of the composting. This was evidenced by a significant increase of temperature, O₂ consumption and CO₂ emission, and population density of LCMs in compost mass compared with that of biotic (addition of culture of horse feces) and abiotic (1% molasses amendment) treatments, as well as control trial. The phytotoxicity assay showed that the substrate became mature after 60 days’ composting. The LCMs inoculation enhanced the biodegradation of the composting materials as evidenced by an increasing screening ratio (1.2 cm sieve pore) of 34.5% in the treated trail, compared with that of control, which elucidated that big advantage of adding selected inoculants over other treatment, and screening ratio is a reasonable index to compare the quality of different compost. However, the inoculation seemed to have no significant effect on the moisture content, pH, and the final organic carbon of the composting materials.     

沸石对活性污泥增殖及脱氨氮动力学影响研究

考察沸石粉投加对活性污泥增殖及脱氨氮动力学的影响,并根据相关结论探讨了不同泥龄(SRT)条件下沸石粉的生物再生情况。结果表明,曝气池中投加沸石粉可明显提高活性污泥的产率系数和衰减系数。与传统活性污泥法相比,投加沸石粉的试验组稳定运行后,污泥产率系数和衰减系数分别提高12.5%和16.7%;当泥龄≤10 d时,出水氨氮去除率提高10%～37%,继续增加泥龄,氨氮去除率提高不明显。通过对比试验结果的关联性分析,认为在低浓度条件下,沸石中铵离子的解吸速率是沸石生物再生的限制步骤,而且再生速率与泥龄呈正相关对应关系。     

广东旱坡地春玉米高产栽培研究──以河源市灯塔盆地为例

本文在对河源市灯塔盆地的旱坡地进行春玉米高产栽培试验示范研究的基础上,根据玉米的生物学特性,提出了旱坡地春植玉米的适宜品种、播种期和高产栽培技术措施,为广东省充分利用旱坡地资源,发展玉米生产提供了科学依据.     

Water Quality Assessment of Large‐scale Bioenergy Cropping Scenarios for the Upper Mississippi and Ohio‐Tennessee River Basins

The Upper Mississippi River Basin and Ohio‐Tennessee River Basin comprise the majority of the United States Corn Belt region, resulting in degraded Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico water quality. To address the water quality implications of increased biofuel production, biofuel scenarios were tested with a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model revision featuring improved biofuel crop representation. Scenarios included corn stover removal and the inclusion of two perennial bioenergy crops, switchgrass and Miscanthus, grown on marginal lands (slopes >2% and erosion rates >2 t/ha) and nonmarginal lands. The SWAT model estimates show water quality is not very sensitive to stover removal. The perennial bioenergy crops reduce simulated sediment, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) yields by up to 60%. Simulated sediment and P reductions in marginal lands were generally twice that occurring in the nonmarginal lands. The highest unit area reductions of N occurred in the less sloping tile‐drained lands. Productivity showed corn grain yield was independent from stover removal, while yields of the two perennial bioenergy crops were similar in the marginal and nonmarginal lands. The results suggest planning for biofuel production in the Corn Belt could include the removal of stover in productive corn areas, and the planting of perennial bioenergy crops in marginal land and in low‐sloped tile‐drained areas characterized by high N pollution. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.