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561.
G. Gangbazo A. R. Pesant D. Ct G. M. Barnett D. Cluis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(2):405-411
ABSTRACT: A two-year study was conducted to assess the effect of hog manure on the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff and drainage from grain-corn (Zea mays L.) plots, and the importance of spring versus annual loads. Treatments consisted of mineral N-P-K fertilizer applied at rates of 152 kg N ha-1, 35 kg P ha-1, and 86 kg K ha-1; and hog (Sus scrofa domestica L.) manure applied preplant or post-emergence (six-to-eight leaf stage), at 152 kg N ha-1, 39 kg P ha-1, and 112 kg K ha-1. The plots were rototilled (7 cm depth) in spring to incorporate fertilizer and preplant hog manure, and fall chisel-plowed (15 cm depth) to incorporate chopped corn residues. They were arranged in a completely randomized plot design. Flow volumes and nutrient levels in runoff and drainage waters were monitored year round but occurred mainly during the snowmelt (March 25-April 9), and post.snowmelt (April 10-May 13) periods. Of the total amount of water lost during snowmelt, 90 percent was in runoff, while 92 percent occurred as drainage in the post-snowmelt period. Sixty-five percent of the total annual volume of water lost was lost during these two periods as runoff and drainage. Treatments did not affect the annual snowmelt or post-snowmelt N and P loads. Total annual loads averaged 8.0 kg TKN ha-1, 1.8 kg NH4-N ha-1, 43 kg NO3-N ha-1, 0.4 kg TP ha-1, and 0.15 kg PO4-P ha-1. Spring (snowmelt and ost-snowmelt) runoff and drainage loads averaged 2.9 kg TKN ha-1, 1.2 kg NH4-N ha-1, 18 kg NO3-N ha-1, 0.25 kg TP ha-1, and 0.04 kg PO4-P ha-1, which were 40 percent to 70 percent of the yearly nutrient loads. Therefore, the hog manure management systems examined were of no greater threat to the environment than mineral fertilizers. However, spring N and P losses do represent an important part of the annual nutrient loss budget, even with conservation practices. 相似文献
562.
Physical properties and biodegradability of blends containing poly(ε-caprolactone) and tropical starches 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hardaning Pranamuda Yutaka Tokiwa Hideo Tanaka 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1996,4(1):1-7
In order to assess feasibility of tropical starches (sago and cassava starches) as biodegradable plastic materials, blending with poly(-caprolactone) (PCL), a biodegradable polymer, was carried out. It was confirmed that the physical properties (tensile strength and elongation) of PCL/sago and PCL/cassava blends were similar to those of PCL/corn blend, suggesting that sago and cassava starches can also be blended with PCL for production of biodegradable plastic. However, the properties of all PCL/starch blends were still low compared with those of polyethylene. Enzymatic degradability evaluation showed that lipase degradation of PCL and-amylase degradation of starch increased as the starch content in the blend increased. Burial test of the blends for 1, 3, and 5 months was carried out and the rate of degradation of the PCL/sago blend was confirmed to be slower than those of PCL/corn and PCL/cassava blends. Observation of the film blends structure by scanning electron microscope revealed that the starch was dispersed in a PCL continuous phase. Furthermore, changes in the film surface before and after enyzme treatments were observed. 相似文献
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565.
通过奋达淀粉有限公司生产废水的处理工程实践,介绍厌氧-二次氧化工艺处理高浓度玉米淀粉生产废水的调试运行情况,运行结果表明:在进水CODCr为3800mg/L、SS在200mg/L、pH为4~5。处理后水质CODCr〈100、SS〈70、pH为6-9,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。 相似文献
566.
567.
酚醛树脂生产废水处理工艺 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对于COD高达246000mg/L、挥发酚达11000mg/L的酚醛树脂生产废水的处理试验研究表明,采用树脂提取--二次缩合--催化氧化--SBR生化工艺是可行的。100℃下通过9h的延时缩合,可回收树脂25kg/m^3,COD和挥发酚去除率分别为。75%和66%;95--100℃下投药二次缩合4h,COD和挥发酚去除率分别达81%和99%;常温常压下投加二氧化氯1.2kg/m^3,催化氧化4h,COD和挥发酚去除率分别为41%和78%;脱氯混凝后,废水按1:4稀释(降低Cl^-浓度),控制COD在600mg/L以下,经PAC--SBR生化工艺处理可达标排放。工程实践证明,废水处理效果达到预期目标,其经济技术指标具有先进性。 相似文献
568.
569.
Information pertaining to biodegradability of renewable polymeric material is critical for the design and development of single-use biodegradable consumer products. The rate and extent of biodegradation of corn fiber, corn zein, cornstarch, distillers grain, and corn gluten meal were evaluated in compost environments under variable temperature, pH, and moisture conditions. Generally, composts with higher temperature (40°C), neutral pH (7.0), and 50%–60% moisture appeared to be ideal for corn coproduct biodegradation, particularly for corn gluten meal and corn zein. Low moisture conditions slowed biodegradation considerably, but degradation rates improved when moisture content increased up to 60%. Thereafter, increased moisture particularly slowed the degradation of corn gluten meal and corn zein, whereas cornstarch degradation remained unaffected. At low pH (4.0) and high pH (11.0) the rate of degradation of most coproducts was slowed somewhat. Cornstarch degradation was slower at pH 7.0, but degradation improved with increased temperatures. Increase in compost temperature from 25 to 40°C (in 5°C increments) also improved biodegradation of corn fiber and distillers grain. Addition of 1% urea to compost as a nitrogen source decreased the extent of biodegradation nearly 40% for corn gluten meal and corn zein, and 20% for cornstarch samples. Treatment of compost with 0.02% azide inhibited biodegradation of all coproducts, suggesting that the presence of metabolically active microbial cells is required for effective degradation of biobased materials in a compost environment. 相似文献
570.