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91.
综述了车辆事故紧急呼救技术的原理,从车辆事故检测识别技术、移动车辆定位技术、无线通信技术和地理信息系统几方面概述车辆事故紧急呼救技术的研究内容。进一步介绍车辆事故紧急呼救技术的国内外研究和应用现状,并从车辆事故识别技术、地图匹配及组合导航、集群通信及通信网络几方面总结并指出车辆事故紧急呼救技术的关键技术和难点。展望了车辆事故紧急呼救技术的发展趋势,并就我国发展车辆事故呼救技术的可行性和发展方向进行探讨。 相似文献
92.
目的 开展镍基单晶高温合金DD6在950 ℃下的热盐腐蚀试验(95%Na2SO4+5%NaCl),探明涂盐量和涂盐方式(周期涂盐和单次涂盐)对DD6高温热腐蚀的影响规律和机理。方法 结合扫描电子显微镜、X射线能量色散谱、X射线衍射等设备,对不同涂盐量及涂盐方式下DD6的表面及横截面形貌进行观察分析,分析不同涂盐量和涂盐方式下DD6的高温热腐蚀机理。结果 DD6在950 ℃下主要发生碱性熔融热腐蚀,同时伴随氧化、硫化和氯化等过程。高温热腐蚀使得DD6合金表面生成的保护性氧化膜被熔融态的腐蚀介质破坏,导致O、S、Cl等外部元素通过氧化膜的缺陷进入DD6基体中,在合金的亚表面发生内氧化、内硫化以及内氯化反应,横截面上出现明显的腐蚀层,其主要由氧化物以及硫化物组成。随着热腐蚀的进行,DD6表面物质发生了剥蚀,沉积盐量的增加导致剥蚀现象越加严重,合金内部致密的组织结构也被破坏,横截面上出现了大量孔洞、裂纹等缺陷。在相同涂盐量下,周期涂盐法使得DD6的腐蚀程度高于单次涂盐法。结论 DD6高温热腐蚀行为与涂盐量及涂盐方式密切相关,相同涂盐方式下,涂盐量越大,DD6热腐蚀更加严重。涂盐量一定时,周期涂盐法使得DD6的热腐蚀剧烈程度大于单次涂盐法,且DD6在上述热腐蚀条件下均发生剥蚀破坏。 相似文献
93.
The EU Flood Directive 2007/60 requires the assessment and delineation of flood risk maps. The latter should provide the required knowledge for the development of flood risk management plans (FRMPs), that should deal with all features of risk management: e.g. preparation, protection and prevention, comprising also the phase of the flood forecasting and warning systems, in addition to the emergency management. The risk maps, delineated through the expert-drive qualitative (EDQ) approach currently adopted in several European countries, such as Italy, fail to represent the information base that needed by stakeholders for selecting the suitable objectives and designing the appropriate mitigation actions for flood risk management. In the EDQ approach, the flood hazard and the potential damage degree maps are combined by means of a matrix to obtain a qualitative flood risk map. However, the performance of the risk matrix is not usually rigorous validated and, therefore, presents limits, such as subjective and not careful explained interpretation of rating and poor resolution, (due to range compression), that can produce errors in comparative ranking of risk areas. In this context, this paper proposes the FloodRisk approach that aims to improve the efficacy of flood risk map overcoming the limits of EDQ approach in supplying the knowledge base that allow to analyze costs and benefits of potential mitigation measures. However, the proposed approach is also able to involve the citizens in the flood management process, enhancing their awareness. An application of FloodRisk procedure is showed on a pilot case in “Serio” Valley, (North Italy), and its strengths and limits, in terms of additional efforts required in its application compared with EDQ procedure, have been discussed focusing on the efficacy of the outcomes provided for the fulfillment of FRMPs. The results have demonstrated the ability of FloodRisk, respect to EDQ approach, to distinguish successfully different levels of vulnerability of exposure elements, thanks to the use of asset value and depth-damage curves, that allows a suitably evaluation of the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies. In this light, a successfully application of a cost-benefit analysis of FloodRisk approach on a portfolio of alternative mitigation actions, (i.e. structural and non-structural measurements), has been demonstrated on the proposed study case. However, FloodRisk requires additional information, e.g. water depths assessment and assets values, and it needs a proper analysis and communication of the uncertainty in its results. Although they still exist limitations that impede, at present, the FloodRisk application without an adequate understanding and a critical consideration of the hazard, exposure and vulnerability characteristics of the study area, considerations are supplied on how the utilization of this approach can be maximized in the light of the next flood risk maps revision due by December 2019. 相似文献
94.
95.
The main aim of this article is to demonstrate a method of complex landscape analysis in order to estimate the landscape suitability for the construction of surface-flow wetlands (SFW) for wastewater treatment. This is a multilevel suitability analysis from a more general regional (landscape) assessment based on a map of landscape types (1:100,000) toward a detailed analysis based on aerial orthophotos and detailed soil maps (1:10,000). The assessment scheme consists of landscape classification according to the physical-chemical properties of landscape factors (soil conditions, landforms, hydrogeology, expert decisions concerning landscape values, and suitability analysis). The partial suitability values of SFWs are derived by summarizing expert values for landscape factors (each ranging from -1 to +1). By multiplying the summarized partial suitability values with nature protection values (ranging from 0 to 1), we obtain the final suitability value for each landscape type. Any kind of nature protection area has been considered nonsuitable and excluded at regional-level analysis. The results of the regional analysis demonstrate that suitability is distributed relatively equally over the study area. The high suitability potential (classified as "very suitable") is relatively evenly distributed in lowland regions throughout the country. The share of "very suitable" and "suitable" areas in different counties varies from 5 to 23% and 7 to 49%, respectively. The detailed analysis based on aerial orthophotos showed that areas suitable for SFWs can also be found within the areas determined to be unsuitable based on the less detailed map of landscape types, whereas differences are much greater between settlements chosen for the detailed suitability analysis. 相似文献
96.
汽车整车腐蚀试验主观评价方法的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本本文介绍汽车整车道路腐蚀试验、整车腐蚀试验中评价方法的选择,主要探讨整车腐蚀评价体系中主观评价的几大要素。 相似文献
97.
98.
J. De Greef K. Villani J. Goethals H. Van Belle J. Van Caneghem C. Vandecasteele 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(11):2416-2424
Due to ongoing developments in the EU waste policy, Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants are to be optimized beyond current acceptance levels. In this paper, a non-exhaustive overview of advanced technical improvements is presented and illustrated with facts and figures from state-of-the-art combustion plants for municipal solid waste (MSW). Some of the data included originate from regular WtE plant operation – before and after optimisation – as well as from defined plant-scale research. Aspects of energy efficiency and (re-)use of chemicals, resources and materials are discussed and support, in light of best available techniques (BAT), the idea that WtE plant performance still can be improved significantly, without direct need for expensive techniques, tools or re-design. In first instance, diagnostic skills and a thorough understanding of processes and operations allow for reclaiming the silent optimisation potential. 相似文献
99.
三峡工程是关系到国计民生的一项特大型工程,必须保证其长期,安全地运行,这就要求对工程中的埋地金属构件进行有效的腐蚀防护,而构件使用寿命的预测及防护方法的筛选又赖于该地区土壤的腐蚀性强弱。本文以三峡坝址土壤的腐蚀性调查与研究为重点,探讨了三峡地区土壤的腐蚀性及其主要影响因子,作者认为,三峡地区土壤的腐蚀性较强,在工程建设中最好先进行土壤腐蚀环境的勘测,并在工程中采用必要的防护方法。 相似文献
100.
坡度图在滑坡研究中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文阐述了坡度图的概念和作用;详细介绍了坡度尺、坡度图的作法、以及坡度图在兰州地区的应用结果;简要分析了斜坡坡度与滑坡的关系。 相似文献