3种钢材在东海初期腐蚀速率的空间变异分析

为了研究X80、EH36和45#钢在东海海域42个站位的初期腐蚀速率.通过动电位极化曲线法获取出海实测的X80、45#和EH36钢2019年9月在东海42个站位的初期腐蚀速率数据,并以地统计学方法对数据进行分析,探索研究区内3种钢材初期腐蚀速率的空间分布及其变异特征,绘制初期腐蚀速率预测图.对于每一种钢材初期腐蚀速率的空间分布,45#钢在西南部高,东北部低;EH36钢在东北部高,西南部低;而X80钢靠近长江口海域低,其他海域高.X80、45#、EH36钢在东海的平均初期腐蚀速率分别为0.42、0.49、0.17 mm/a,并且3种钢材在东海初期腐蚀速率分布的空间变异特征明显,空间自相关性强,X80、45#、EH36钢的块金值分别为0.0148、0.0044、0.0017,变程为1000～2000 km.     

Energy recovery from solid waste fuels using advanced gasification technology

Since the mid-1980s, TPS Termiska Processer AB has been working on the development of an atmospheric-pressure gasification process. A major aim at the start of this work was the generation of fuel gas from indigenous fuels to Sweden (i.e. biomass). As the economic climate changed and awareness of the damage to the environment caused by the use of fossil fuels in power generation equipment increased, the aim of the development work at TPS was changed to applying the process to heat and power generation from feedstocks such as biomass and solid wastes. Compared with modern waste incineration with heat recovery, the gasification process will permit an increase in electricity output of up to 50%. The gasification process being developed is based on an atmospheric-pressure circulating fluidised bed gasifier coupled to a tar-cracking vessel. The gas produced from this process is then cooled and cleaned in conventional equipment. The energy-rich gas produced is clean enough to be fired in a gas boiler (and, in the longer term, in an engine or gas turbine) without requiring extensive flue gas cleaning, as is normally required in conventional waste incineration plants. Producing clean fuel gas in this manner, which facilitates the use of efficient gas-fired boilers, means that overall plant electrical efficiencies of close to 30% can be achieved. TPS has performed a considerable amount of pilot plant testing on waste fuels in their gasification/gas cleaning pilot plant in Sweden. Two gasifiers of TPS design have been in operation in Grève-in-Chianti, Italy since 1992. This plant processes 200 tonnes of RDF (refuse-derived fuel) per day. It is planned that the complete TPS gasification process (including the complete fuel gas cleaning system) be demonstrated in several gas turbine-based biomass-fuelled power generating plants in different parts of the world. It is the aim of TPS to prove, at commercial scale, the technical feasibility and economic advantages of the gasification process when it is applied to solid waste fuels. This aim shall be achieved, in the short-term, by employing the cold clean product gas in a gas boiler and, in the longer-term, by firing the gas in engines and gas turbines. A study for a 90 MWth waste-fuelled co-generation plant in Sweden has shown that, already today, gasification of solid waste can compete economically with conventional incineration technologies.     

基于可靠度的LY12CZ铝合金预腐蚀剩余强度预测

按ASTM标准对常温下的LY12CZ 铝合金进行预腐蚀.利用MTS 880试验机进行静拉伸试验,结果表明剩余强度随着腐蚀损伤程度加深逐步下降.文中建立了带有可靠度的剩余强度计算方法,并基于AFGROW软件建立了腐蚀坑的物理模型提出了剩余强度预测方法,这两种方法与实验结果吻合程度良好,具有工程应用参考价值.     

汽车腐蚀试验常见腐蚀问题分析与防腐优化

本文以整车道路腐蚀试验数据为基础,介绍了常见腐蚀部位,阐述了影响腐蚀的相关因素。此外,通过防腐工艺对比,提出防腐优化建议。     

新型循环水处理系统的设计及应用

简介了软包装印刷工业复合生产过程中产生的VOCs污染物,探讨了现有ACF咐附回收有机溶剂设备存在的技术问题;结合软包装复合生产工艺特点,提出一种闭式循环的改良工艺,以解决能量浪费问题。     

露天采矿爆破振动对民房破坏的旋转森林预测模型

针对爆破振动对民房破坏问题,应用因子分析及旋转森林理论,选取爆破振动幅值、主频率、主频率持续时间、灰缝强度、砖墙面积率、房屋高度、屋盖形式、圈梁构造柱、施工质量、场地条件为影响因素。建立基于因子分析的露天采矿爆破振动对民房破坏的旋转森林预测模型。利用现场实测32组爆破数据作为学习样本进行训练。采用回代估计方法进行检验,误判率为1/32。用另外12组爆破试验数据作为测试样本进行预测。结果表明,就爆破振动对民房破坏而言,灰缝强度、房屋高度、屋盖形式、圈梁构造柱及施工质量与其相关程度较高。用模型所得预测结果的误判率为1/6。     

煤矿井筒防冻的无风机方式及耗热量计算

防止煤矿井筒出现结冰现象，对保证矿井安全生产和正常生产至关重要。无风机方式有别于其他传统的方式，是一种技术可靠、造价低、非常适合于我国广大地区的井筒防冻方式。     

A survey of flaws near welds detected by side angle ultrasound examination of anhydrous ammonia nurse tanks

A sample of 532 anhydrous ammonia nurse tanks with manufacture dates ranging from the 1950’s to 2011 were examined during 2012 by side angle ultrasound to measure the locations, sizes, and orientations of flaw indications. The indications were most frequently located on the head side of the head-to-shell welds and oriented perpendicular to the weld line in the welds’ heat affected zones. On average newer tanks had more indications than older tanks. Tanks that had been given a post-weld stress relief anneal had markedly fewer indications.     

垃圾渗滤液对压实黏土工程特性的影响规律及微观机理

为研究垃圾填埋场渗滤液对压实黏土的影响,开展了垃圾渗滤液侵蚀作用下黏土的含水率、比重、剪切和渗透试验,研究渗滤液浓度及侵蚀时间对黏土工程性质的影响规律,分析渗滤液污染黏土的工程特性。通过SEM试验研究渗滤液对底部压实黏土衬垫的侵蚀机理。研究结果表明:渗滤液侵蚀对黏土的各项工程性质有较大的影响,随着渗滤液浓度及浸泡时间的增加,浸泡后的黏土渗透性、比重和剪切强度均减小,而含水率增大。渗滤液对黏土的侵蚀主要来自其化学成分的吸附、粘结及水化学作用。压实黏土强度的变化会给填埋场的稳定性带来安全隐患。该成果可为垃圾填埋场的安全设计提供理论和数据支持。     

废铁屑强化污泥厌氧消化产甲烷可行性分析

有关全球气候变化的《巴黎协定》落槌,预示着污水处理追求碳中和运行的时代已经来临.碳中和狭义理解即能源自给自足,这就要求污水处理厂应最大程度转化污水中有机物或产生的剩余污泥所蕴含的有机能源,并将其生成可再生能源——甲烷.然而,剩余污泥能源转化率较低一直都是限制厌氧消化技术广为应用的瓶颈.在污泥预处理技术之外,向厌氧消化系统中投加废铁屑强化甲烷生产有望成为另一个提高能源转化率的突破口,继而实现"以废促能、变废为宝"的目的.本综述从铁腐蚀析氢现象入手,在描述铁腐蚀析氢原理、析出H2对产CH4过程影响的基础上,对铁在厌氧系统ORP减少方面的作用、对厌氧微生物生理、生化特性的影响、对涉及微生物酶活的影响等进行了全面的介绍.最后,还通过生命周期评估(LCA)评价了基于废铁屑的污泥厌氧消化技术对环境的影响及经济合理性.