环境法中预防性民事责任形式的探讨

分析了传统民法中损害赔偿责任在环境法中的局限性、并对停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险等预防性民事责任形式在环境法中的意义和作用,进行了探讨。同时,依据环境、经济、社会效益相统一的原则,论述了在确认预防性民事责任中,进行利益衡量的重要性。     

Optimal Control Models and Elicitation of Attitudes towards Climate Damages

This paper examines the consequences of various attitudes towards climate damages through a family of stochastic optimal control models (RESPONSE): cost-efficiency for a given temperature ceiling; cost-benefit analysis with a pure preference for current climate regime and full cost-benefit analysis. The choice of a given proxy of climate change risks is actually more than a technical option. It is essentially motivated by the degree of distrust regarding the legitimacy of an assessment of climate damages and the possibility of providing in due time reliable and non controversial estimates. Our results demonstrate that (a) for early decades abatement, the difference between various decision-making frameworks appears to matter less than the difference between stochastic and non stochastic approach given the cascade of uncertainty from emissions to damages; (b) in a stochastic approach, the possibility of non-catastrophic singularities in the damage function is sufficient to significantly increase earlier optimal abatements; (c) a window of opportunity for action exists up to 2040: abatements further delayed may induce significant regret in case of bad news about climate response or singularities in damages.     

基于SD的污水处理厂减排潜力与费用效益——以昆明市为例

针对当前城市污水处理厂进水浓度偏低,进而影响其污水处理潜力发挥和经济效益等问题,以昆明市为例,构建了基于系统动力学的城市排水系统模拟仿真模型.依据昆明市“十三五”规划目标,以2015年为基准年,设计4种减排情景,模拟预测了不同时期下不同情景的污水处理厂减排潜力及费用效益.结果表明：城市排水管网改造与强化管理对提高污水处理厂运行效率,充分挖掘其污水处理潜力至关重要,该情景近期与远期污水处理厂COD削减量较基准情景分别提高了314772,389126t;NH₃-N削减量较基准情景分别提高24223,27234t;费效比较基准情景分别降低0.2和0.17,污水处理潜力得到充分挖掘,经济效益明显改善.     

Measuring the Effects of a Flood Control Project: Hedonic Land Price Approach

This article aims to measure the effects of a flood control project planned for the Chitose River Basin in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, using hedonic land price functions. In these functions, "annual expected depth of flood water" is introduced as an explanatory variable to represent the effect of the flood control project. Comparing the approach with the method of "the economic analysis of flood control projects", which has been a conventional evaluation method widely used in Japan, the efficiency and limitations of our approach are discussed.     

生物质发电的效益分析

介绍了我国生物质资源利用现状及存在的主要问题,以某电厂利用生物质发电为例,从原燃料的用量、污染物排放情况及环境经济效益等方面进行分析,说明利用生物质发电是节能减排的重要途径。     

基于扎根理论的矿工不安全行为成本和收益识别

为了减少矿工不安全行为的发生,以陕西煤业化工集团神南矿业公司为研究样本,基于扎根理论对矿工不安全行为成本和矿工不安全行为收益进行识别,通过实地访谈收集资料,将访谈内容进行编码处理,建立矿工不安全行为成本和收益识别的概念模型,并以此构建矿工不安全行为成本和收益识别的动态模型图;最后,通过模型理论饱和度检验,证明模型中展现的脉络关系是饱和的。研究结果表明:矿工自身的安全意识、人口统计特征因素及情景因素,对矿工不安全行为成本和收益有着重要影响;风险成本、预备成本和实施成本构成矿工不安全行为成本,精神收益和物质收益构成矿工不安全行为收益。     

减灾工作的经济学认识

论述了减灾中的经济学问题。文章指出,为了实现减灾与经济发展相结合,应强调重视减灾投入效益,实现减灾产业化。     

The potential role of stated preference methods in the Water Framework Directive to assess disproportionate costs

This paper examines the issue of disproportionate costs of Water Framework Directive (WFD) implementation using public surveys as a means to inform policy and decision making. Public taxpayers are asked their opinion regarding the implementation of the WFD and its costs. Taxpayers are expected to bear a large share of the cost of WFD implementation, be it through national taxation, local water pollution charges or higher market prices for water related goods and services. The paper's main objective is to illustrate the role of stated preference research to elicit public opinions and perceptions towards socially acceptable levels of water quality and public willingness to pay (WTP) for the expected environmental benefits of the WFD. Stated preference research can be used as a way to assess the concept of disproportionate costs to those who are expected to bear a large share of the costs of WFD implementation, and at the same time address the issue of public participation in the WFD. The survey results are used as a public consultation tool to inform policy and decision makers about public willingness and ability to pay for the implementation of the WFD. This measure can be used as one of the benchmarks to define disproportionate costs in a cost-benefit context.     

论环境保护的制度激励

本文分析了环境保护制度供给不足的原因，提出相应的制度激励措施。     

Cost-benefit analysis of implementing policy measures for reducing PM and O3 concentrations: the case of Israel

This paper aims to identify the most suitable and economically feasible policy measures to reduce concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O₃) in Israel. It describes a comprehensive methodology that takes into account the effects of PM and O₃ and describes the overall costs and benefits expected from their reduction. Cost-benefit analysis of a series of proposed policy measures allows us to identify and recommend those that are most feasible and effective. These policy measures have a significant impact on reducing air pollution on one hand, while constituting the highest net benefit to the economy on the other.