有机农业与中国传统农业的比较

介绍了有机农业的起源与内涵，比较了有机农业与中国传统农业的联系与区别，并提出了促进我国有机农业发展的建议     

中日水资源管理的法律比较研究

为了建立新的水资源管理的法律体制，加强法制建设，就水资源保护及开发利用方面的制度、水污染的控制等进行分析，认为用一个系统的、有强制力的规划来指导，控制和协调各地方、各部门的利益关系是水资源管理的基础和关键。介绍了日本的集中协调与分部门行政的水资源管理体制并以流域水资源管理体制为主的流域管理体制，对这种管理体制下的以流域为基础的日本水管理法规的基本原则、组织结构及立法现状进行了分析，对中日两国的水资源管理及立法的基本异同点进行了对比研究，在比较研究的基础上对我国水资源管理体制立法的结构层次进行了思考，并提出了一些建议，以期对促进中国的水资源管理提供可资借鉴的经验，如：（1）协调原则；（2）环境政策的一体化，建立环境与发展的综合决策机制；（3）制订可行的法律规范；（4）加强学术研究和交流；（5）注重科学的规划等。     

Consumptive orientation of anglers in Engerdal,Norway

In a study of consumptiveness among Swedish and Norwegian anglers in Engerdal, eastern Norway, three segments of low-, mid-, and high-consumptive anglers were identified by replicating a methodology of an earlier study of North American anglers. The Engerdal anglers were somewhat more catch-oriented than the North American anglers. Anglers in Norway fish to satisfy a complex set of experience preferences. Low-consumptive anglers rate nature experiences higher than mid- and high-consumptive anglers. High-consumptive anglers have a somewhat narrower range of experience preferences and are more oriented towards competitive aspects of fishing. All anglers generally support management efforts directed toward restricting other types of use of the waters, such as reducing pollution and reducing local fishermen's leisure gill-net fishing. They also support stocking of fish, but oppose actions restricting angling. However, low-consumptive anglers do not oppose angling restrictions to the same degree as mid- and high-consumptive groups. Low-consumptive fishermen show a higher degree of specialization and report higher overall satisfaction with their fishing trips than the other two groups.     

An economic evaluation framework for land-use-based conservation policy instruments in a changing climate

Climate change is a key threat to biodiversity. To conserve species under climate change, ecologists and conservation scientists suggest 2 main conservation strategies regarding land use: supporting species’ range shifts to enable it to follow its climatic requirements by creating migration pathways, such as corridors and stepping stones, and conserving climate refugia (i.e., existing habitat areas that are somewhat buffered from climate change). The policy instruments that could be used to implement these conservation strategies have yet to be evaluated comprehensively from an economic perspective. The economic analyses of environmental policy instruments are often based on ecological effectiveness and cost-effectiveness criteria. We adapted these general criteria to evaluate policy instruments for species’ conservation under climate change and applied them to a conceptual analysis of land purchases, offsets, and conservation payments. Depending on whether the strategy supporting species’ range shifts or conserving climate refugia is selected, the evaluation of the policy instruments differed substantially. For example, to ensure ecological effectiveness, habitat persistence over time was especially important for climate refugia and was best achieved by a land-purchase policy instrument. In contrast, for the strategy supporting range shifts to be ecologically effective, a high degree of flexibility in the location of conserved sites was required to ensure that new habitat sites can be created in the species’ new range. Offset programs were best suited for that because the location of conservation sites can be chosen comparatively freely and may also be adapted over time.     

四川酸性土壤石灰需求量方法的比较研究

四川盆地的部分土壤由于酸性氮肥的大量使用以及雨水的冲刷淋蚀作用而呈现越来越酸化的趋势。故有必要通过化学法确定土壤石灰需求量。该研究的目的是比较SMP—SB、SLP—DB在确定四川酸性土石灰需要量上的准确度。并提出一种全新的确定土壤石灰需要量的方法，即滴定法。在四川盆地8处采样点采集的土壤分别用这3种方法确定石灰需要量。将土壤实际培养所得的石灰用量作为标准方法，再将上述3种方法的测定结果分别与标准法进行线形相关分析，得到与标准曲线之间的线形方程。结果发现3种方法与标准方法之间均成线性相关。在确定石灰需求量上都具有一定的准确度，但相对而言。文章提出的滴定法更准确。更适合确定四川土壤的石灰施用量。     

土地使用权挂牌出让中底价的评估

如何科学评估国有土地使用权挂牌底价，是国有土地使用权以挂牌方式出让工作中极为重要的环节。通过分析挂牌出让底价评估特点、地价内涵，探讨挂牌出让底价的评估方法，指出挂牌出让底价评估宜重点选用市场比较法和假设开发法两种评估方法，明确了市场比较法和假设开发法评估国有土地使用权挂牌出让底价的实施步骤和参数选取标准。     

海南岛生态环境质量分析评价

运用遥感和地理信息系统等技术 ,按照景观生态学的原理 ,对海南生态环境现状进行了评价 ,并对近十年来的变化进行了对比分析。结果表明 ,海南生态环境质量由中部向外依次降低 ,天然林从数量上看面积在减少 ,从空间上看沿着边缘线向中部山区退缩。另外 ,土地沙化 /土地退化在向着恢复逆转的方向发展。     

温度环境试验中试件温度稳定时间估算方法

研究了温度环境试验中试件温度稳定时间的估算方法。以非稳态传热学理论为基础,分别用集中参数法和有限元法计算、分析试件的温度稳定时间。给出了集中参数法确定试件温度稳定时间的计算公式,确定了集中参数法的适用范围。研究了试件外表面与试验介质之间的传热系数确定方法,考虑风速、试件外形和试验介质性质对传热的影响。将集中参数法与有限元法计算、分析结果进行比较,相符性较好。     

中美粉尘职业暴露检测、评价与管理方法对比研究

为了进一步提高我国工作场所粉尘检测和评价工作的科学性,对我国和美国工作场所中粉尘的采样、检测数据的统计处理、评价以及工作场所的管理等方面进行了对比。结果表明,美国把粉尘职业暴露水平的检测、数据的统计处理、评价以及再检测与评价进行有机结合并形成完善的管理体系,我国和美国的粉尘采样方法基本相同,但我国缺少对工作场所粉尘职业暴露水平检测结果的统计处理以及再检测与评价的管理规定。通过对中美两国相关内容的对比和分析,针对完善我国粉尘暴露检测、数据统计处理、评价以及再检测与评价方面提出建议。     

重钢焦化废水新系统纯氧曝气技术的应用研究

重钢焦化厂与国内某企业合作,在不改变现有污水处理厂设施的前提下,用GWQ潜水式射流喷嘴扩散器和相应的供氧系统代替现有空气曝气系统,以考察现有污水处理新系统在采用纯氧曝气情况下的潜能,即考察采用纯氧曝气后承受高负荷和冲击负荷的能力.