葫芦岛市生态环境现状及保护对策

介绍了葫芦岛市生态环境现状及主要问题,分析了各种生态问题产生的原因,阐述了保护和建设生态环境的主要对策。     

Effects of speed-control measures on the safety of unsignalized midblock street crossings in China

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different speed-control measures on the safety of unsignalized midblock street crossings.

Methods: In China, it is quite difficult to obtain traffic crash and conflict data for pedestrians using such crossings, mainly due to the lack of traffic data management and organizational issues. In light of this, the proposed method did not rely on such data, but considered vehicle speed, which is a leading contributing factor of pedestrian safety at mid blocks. To evaluate the speed reduction effects at different locations, the research team utilized the following methods in this study: (1) testing speed differences—on the basis of the collected data, statistical analysis is conducted to test the speed differences between upstream and crosswalk, upstream and downstream, and downstream and crosswalk; and (2) mean distribution deviation—this value is calculated by taking the difference in cumulative speed distributions for the two different samples just mentioned. In order to better understand the variation of speed reduction effects at different distances from speed-control facilities, data were collected from six types of speed-control measures with a visual range of 60 m.

Results: The results showed that speed humps, transverse rumble strips, and speed bumps were effective in reducing vehicle speeds. Among them speed humps performed the best, with reductions of 21.1% and 20.0% from upstream location (25.01 km/h) and downstream location (24.66 km/h) to pedestrian crosswalk (19.73 km/h), respectively. By contrast, the speed reduction effects were minimal for stop and yield signs, flashing yellow lights, and crossings without treatment.

Conclusions: Consequently, in order to reduce vehicle speeds and improve pedestrian safety at mid blocks, several speed-control measures such as speed humps, speed bumps, and transverse rumble strips are recommended to be deployed in the vicinity of pedestrian crosswalks.     

国有林场安全生产依法管理措施探讨

本文从林场安全生产管理实际出发，论述了国有林场如何贯彻实施(安全生产法)，提高林场安全生产依法管理水平的内容与措施。     

论科技风险与减灾

本文提出了科技风险的新概念,分析了科技风险的特征、破坏性、成因等,提出了科技风险与科技事故的减灾对策。     

上海市污水回用用于防治地面沉降

以上海市为例,介绍了地面沉降的危害以及现有的防治对策,同时提出了污水经处理后回用于防治地面沉降的新思想,主要包括两种方法:①将处理后的污水回灌地下补给地下水;②用处理后的污水回用代替部分自来水,减少地下水的开采量,以控制地面沉降。     

室内甲醛检测方法及防治措施研究进展

介绍室内空气污染物甲醛的来源以及对人体健康造成的危害。探讨了现有室内甲醛污染物的检测方法,并对检测方法中存在的问题和应用条件的限制因素进行了讨论。为减少室内甲醛对人体健康造成的危害,提出了八种降解室内甲醛污染物的防治方法,并重点介绍了光催化氧化降解室内空气中甲醛的作用机理。提出了对检测方法和防治措施中存在问题的改进。改进检测方法和改良治理措施以及对装饰材料的选择是减少室内空气甲醛对人体健康造成危害的有效途径。     

建筑安全事故应急措施推理研究

为了加强对建筑安全事故历史案例经验的利用,提高建筑安全事故应急管理的信息化水平,对如何利用智能化技术制定事故应急措施进行研究。将规则推理引入案例推理中,建立了建筑安全事故应急措施推理模型。通过计算综合相似度,在案例库中检索出相似案例的基础上,根据关键属性运用规则推理对相似案例的应急措施进行适用性修改。计算特征属性权重时,利用灰色关联分析法对传统粗糙集方法进行改进,对冗余属性提出了灰色重要度的概念,避免了冗余属性权重为0的情况。选取基坑事故案例对模型进行实例分析,结果表明:建筑安全事故应急措施推理模型具有普遍适用性,可应用于事故应急管理。     

轨道交通工程隧道暗挖塌方事故的防控对策及应急抢险要点分析

本文根据广州市地质水文气象及隧道暗挖工程的施工特点，对广州市轨道交通工程隧道暗挖塌方事故进行了危险性分析，阐述了隧道暗挖工程的竖井、隧道开挖施工中塌方事故的主要防控对策与预防措施，以及塌方事故的应急准备及响应要点。     

发展中国家灾害经济的特点、成因及对策

发展中国家人口众多,经济技术落后,酱稀缺,抗灾能力低,防灾意识不强,加多不合理经济活动对环境的过度干预以及发达国家转嫁环境灾害和社会危机,致使发展中国家产生灾害的潜在因素日益增加,灾害的成灾损失越来越严重,灾害对经济发展的影响与经济因素对灾害的影响都在日益加深,形成恶性循环。本文从经济学角度提出了防灾减灾就采取的主要对策。     

新疆八一钢铁公司高炉喷吹烟煤安全措施

介绍了新疆八一钢铁公司高炉烟煤的特点，指出了喷煤系统存在的缺陷，总结了高炉喷吹烟煤所采取的安全措施。