SOIL WATER CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO SOIL CATENAS IN ILLINOIS: IMPLICATIONS FOR IRRIGATION1

ABSTRACT: Soil water was monitored by neutron scattering in six soils, three each within two drainage catenas in east-central Illinois, over a 15-month time span. The prairie soils have formed in: (1) 76–152 cm of silt loam, eolian sediments (bess) over glacial till (Catlin-Flanagan-Drummer catena), and (2) bess greater than 152 cm in thickness (Tama-Ipava-Sable catena). We characterized the water content of these soils over the total time span and for wet and dry climatic subsets, as an aid to potential irrigation decisions. Soils of the thin bess, C-F-D catena dried out to lower water contents and had greater soil water variability than did the thick bess soils. Under wet conditions, soil water contents in the two catenas were quite similar. Alleviation of surface and subsurface drying via irrigation would thus be more advantageous to yields on the C-F-D soils than on the T-I-S soils.     

核废物的来源、特性与分类原则的研讨

本文阐述了核废物的产生，特性和环境影响；对核废物的分类，处理和处置原则进行了讨论。     

系统结构特征在事故致因中的应用研究

从二维空间的角度出发，提出了系统的结构特征；联系紧密和联系松散；复杂式相互作用和直线式相互作用的概念及其特点，并探讨了系统结构特征在系统事故致因中的应用分析。     

再论皖07井水位与地震的关系

笔者在 “皖07井水位与地震关系初探”[1］ 一文中曾就皖07井水位对400km范围部分中强震的映震特征和映震机理作了一定程度的分析探讨。 为了进一步研讨皖07井水位的映震规律，近年来在文献[1］的基础上，应用 “SHP2.0”软件，对20多年水位观测资料进行数理分析，发现07井水位除了对部分中强震有映震能力外，对1999年台湾7.6级强震和其东部特定区域的小震也有一定的映震能力。 本文着重分析皖07井水位对1999年台湾特大强震和部分小震的映震特征，研究其映震机理，为单井预报地震提供依据。     

DIGITAL SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF THERMAL DISCHARGE ON STREAM WATER QUALITY1

A modified transient version of the Streeter-Phelps model along with the energy balance equation is employed to analyze the effects of waste heat discharge from power plants on stream water quality. Analysis is also made to examine the effects of the upstream water quality and stream velocity on the downstream DO concentration level. The resulting coupled nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations representing the energy, BOD and DO concentrations are solved by the method of characteristics and simulated on a digital computer. Final numerical results indicate that the allowable quantity of thermal discharge does heavily depend on the upstream quality.     

Investigation the effect of adding graphene oxide into diesel/higher alcohols blends on a diesel engine performance

ABSTRACT

This article aims to study the influence of the addition of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO) to diesel/higher alcohols blends on the combustion, emission, and exergy parameters of a CI engine under various engine loads. The higher alcohols mainly n-butanol, n-heptanol, and n-octanol are blended with diesel at a volume fraction of 50%. Then, the 25 and 50 mg/L concentrations of GO are dispersed into diesel/higher alcohols blends using an ultrasonicator. The GO structures are examined using TEM, TGA, XRD and FTIR. The findings show that there is a reduction in p_max. and HRR when adding higher alcohols with diesel fuel. Regarding engine emission, there is a significant improvement in emissions formation with adding higher alcohols. The addition of GO into diesel/higher alcohols blends improves the brake thermal efficiency by 15%. Moreover, the p_max. and HRR are both enhanced by 4%. The CO, UHC and smoke formation are reduced considerably by 40%, 50 and 20%, respectively, while NO_x level is increased by 30% with adding GO. Finally, adding high percentages of n-butanol, n-heptanol, and n-octanol with diesel fuel with the presence of GO has the potential to achieve ultra-low CO, UHC, and smoke formation meanwhile keeping high thermal efficiency level.     

球壳孢菌和胶孢炭疽菌的液体培养特性研究

对银杏叶内生真菌球壳孢科菌株A114和胶孢炭疽菌菌株05—27的液体培养特性的初步研究得出：两种菌株均在马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基中生长最好、菌丝产量最高，在pH4．0-8．5的马丁氏液体培养基中均能生长。A114菌株和05—27菌株的最佳氮、碳源分别为酵母粉和葡萄糖，A114菌株最适pH为6．6，05—27菌株最适pH为6．9。     

Chemical Treatments of Natural Fiber for Use in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Review

Studies on the use of natural fibers as replacement to man-made fiber in fiber-reinforced composites have increased and opened up further industrial possibilities. Natural fibers have the advantages of low density, low cost, and biodegradability. However, the main disadvantages of natural fibers in composites are the poor compatibility between fiber and matrix and the relative high moisture sorption. Therefore, chemical treatments are considered in modifying the fiber surface properties. In this paper, the different chemical modifications on natural fibers for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites are reviewed. Chemical treatments including alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation, maleated coupling agents, isocyanates, permanganate and others are discussed. The chemical treatment of fiber aimed at improving the adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix may not only modify the fiber surface but also increase fiber strength. Water absorption of composites is reduced and their mechanical properties are improved.     

论近代安徽自然灾害的特征

安徽属东亚显著季风气候区、暖温带与亚热带的过渡地带,冷暖气团活动频繁,气候年际变动较大;地势西南高,东北低,地形多种多样。正是由于这些因素,使得安徽自然灾害种类繁多;发生频繁;具有明显的季节性;具有很强的地域性等特点。认识掌握这些特点,对安徽省的防灾减灾工作具有重要的现实意义。     

基于驾驶适宜性检测的沙漠公路驾驶员视觉特性分析

利用动体视力检测仪,对沙漠公路行车途中汽车驾驶员进行包括静视力和动体视力在内的视觉特性的实地测试,并就获得的1004个有效样本的检测数据进行统计整理,对受测驾驶员静、动体视力总体情况及其与驾驶员年龄、驾龄、持续行车时间、检测时的气温等因素之间的关系进行分析研究。对驾驶员视觉特性的实测分析表明:沙漠公路受测驾驶员静视力和动体视力平均值分别为1.3和0.7;动体视力相对于静视力的平均下降幅度为44.75%,远高于绿洲地区。关联度分析也表明,驾驶员的年龄、驾龄、驾车时间以及测试温度4项因素对其静视力、动视力以及视力降幅均具有较强的相关性,关联度均在0.76以上。