Environmentally conscious long-range planning and design of supply chain networks

In this paper, a mathematical programming-based methodology is presented for the explicit inclusion of life cycle assessment (LCA) criteria as part of the strategic investment decisions related to the design and planning of supply chain networks. By considering the multiple environmental concerns together with the traditional economic criteria, the planning task is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem. Over a long-range planning horizon, the methodology utilizes mixed integer modelling techniques to address strategic decisions involving the selection, allocation and capacity expansion of processing technologies and assignment of transportation links required to satisfy the demands at the markets. At the operational level, optimal production profiles and flows of material between various components within the supply chain are determined. As such, the formulation presented here combines the elements of the classical plant location and capacity expansion problems with the principles of LCA to develop a quantitative decision-support tool for environmentally conscious strategic investment planning.     

爆破地震安全判据若干问题探讨

在对现行爆破地震安全判据的合理性及局限和缺陷进行分析的同时，着重探讨综合考虑振速、频率和时间等因素建立多参数地震安全判据的重要性，并就完善和修改爆破地震安全判据提出了建议。     

水体沉积物重金属质量基准研究

本文阐述了建立沉积物质量标准的意义、用途、重点介绍了七种建立沉积物质量基准的文法,以及每种方法的基本假设、程序和优缺点,并讨论了发展现状和前景。     

土壤砷的环境基准研究

本文论述了砷在土壤中的分布和存在形态,探讨了土壤砷环境基准值的确定依据。考虑到土壤性质等的影响,应用国内的研究成果,确定了土壤砷的环境基准值。     

保护人体健康的萘水质基准研究

依据我国《人体健康水质基准制定技术指南》（HJ 837—2017）,通过对萘的非致癌毒性效应及第二、三和四营养级的生物累积系数分析,推导了同时饮水和消费水产品以及仅消费水产品的萘污染物人体健康水质基准.研究结果显示,第二、三和四营养级的最终营养级生物累积系数分别为248,533,406L/kg,同时饮水和消费水产品的萘的人体健康水质基准为16.6μg/L,仅消费水产品的萘的人体健康水质基准为18.9μg/L.     

我国土壤环境基准优先污染物的筛选及清单研究

基于国内外已有优先污染物的筛选方法,综合分析国内外相关污染物名录及文献资料,建立了我国土壤环境基准优先污染物的筛选程序、原则,筛选了我国土壤环境基准优先污染物清单.结果表明,本文筛选出的土壤环境基准优先污染物依次为滴滴涕、镉、苯并[a]芘、铅、多氯联苯、砷、铬、汞,建议我国未来土壤环境基准值的制定以优先污染物为基础,综合考虑土壤环境基准保护对象、社会发展需求及科技发展水平的影响,有针对性地展开研究工作.     

废水中起始惰性溶解有机物的测定

介绍了4种测定起始惰性溶解有机物的方法．即Ekama和国际水质协会提出的两种直接测定法和排除溶解性残留物干扰的两种间接测定法。通过分析比较，指出了4种方法的优缺点及适用情况。其中直接测定法适用于有机物浓度较低的生活污水．间接测定法适用于有机物浓度较高的工业废水。     

Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network's Proposed Core Monitoring Variables: An Early Warning of Environmental Change

This article reports on the evaluation of existing ecologicalmonitoring variables from a variety of sources to select a suiteof core variables suitable for monitoring at the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN) sites located acrossCanada. The purpose of EMAN is to promote the acquisition of relevant and consistent data that can be used to report on national trends and provide an early warning of ecosystem change. Existing monitoring variables were evaluated in twosteps. In the first step, three primary criteria were used to pre-screen preliminary variables. In the second step, a moredetailed evaluation considered twenty criteria based on dataquality, applicability, data collection methods, data analysisand interpretation, existing data and programs, and cost effectiveness to select a draft set of core monitoring variables(CMV). An ecological framework was developed to organize the CMVin a manner that permitted a gap analysis to confirm the CMV assessed a wide range of relevant environment components. Thesuite of CMV were then tested to determine their effectiveness in detecting ecosystem change caused by stressors with ecosystemresponses that have been well documented in the literature. Thisproject is part of a process lead by Environment Canada to select CMV to detect and track ecosystem change at EMAN sites. It is anticipated that the proposed CMV will undergo future discussion and development leading to the final selection of asuite of CMV for use at EMAN sites.     

Environmental Monitoring Of Remedial Dredging At The New Bedford Harbor, Ma, Superfund Site

New Bedford Harbor (NBH), MA, is a Superfund site because of high polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in the sediment. From April 1994 to September 1995, a remedial dredging operation (termed the “Hot Spot”) removed the most contaminated sediments (PCB concentrations greater than 4000μg/g) from the upper harbor. During remediation, a monitoring program assessed the potential environmental impacts to NBH and adjacent Buzzards Bay. The monitoring program was developed with input from federal, state, and local authorities. Site-specific decision criteria were established to assess net PCB transport, water column toxicity, and PCB bioaccumulation in blue and ribbed mussels (Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa, respectively). The remediation was completed without exceeding PCB net transport or acute toxicity effects specified in the decision criteria. In addition, PCB bioaccumulation in mussels during this time period was not significantly greater than pre- or post-operational measurements. The results indicated that approximately 14000 cubic yards of highly PCB contaminated sediment were permanently removed with minimal environmental effects. The lessons learned during this operation, as well as previous pilot studies at the site, will be used to make full-scale remedial efforts in NBH more efficient and environmentally protective.     

Electrofishing in boatable rivers: Does sampling design affect bioassessment metrics?

Data were collected from 60 boatable sites using an electrofishing design that permitted comparisons of the effects of designs and distances on fish assemblage metrics. Sites were classified a priori as Run-of-the-River (ROR) or Restricted Flow (RF). Data representing four different design options (i.e., 1000 and 2000 m for both single and paired banks) were extracted from the dataset and analyzed. Friedman tests comparing metric values among the designs detected significant differences for all richness metrics at both types of sites and for catch per unit effort and percent tolerant species at ROR sites. Richness metrics were generally higher for the two 2000-m designs than for the two 1000-m designs. When plotted against cumulative electrofishing distance, the percent change in metrics declined sharply within approximately 1000 m, after which metrics usually varied by less than 10%. These data demonstrate that designs electrofishing 1000 m of shoreline are sufficient for bioassessments on boatable rivers similar to those in this study, regardless of whether the shoreline is along a single bank or distributed equally among paired banks. However, at sites with depths greater than 4 m, it may be advisable to employ nighttime electrofishing or increase day electrofishing designs to 2000 m.The U.S. Governments right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged.