混凝土结构使役环境中温度智能模拟LabVIEW软件设计

本项目结合湖北省科技计划自然科学基金项目“混凝土结构使役环境的智能模拟”,在WTST-150试验机硬件平台基础上,以LabVIEW8．5为开发平台,设计了一套混凝土结构使役环境中温度智能模拟LabVIEW软件,主要包括能初始化程序、温度采集与显示子程序、温度PID控制子程序、温度存储和查询子程序。经投入实验验证,该软件能实现实时曲线显示、温度控制、试验状态和保存试验数据、数据查询、手动加热、分配温度通道、PID控制参数整定、制冷、读入温度曲线等功能。具有实时在线循环检测、采集数据、响应快速等优点,并具有良好的故障诊断能力和可维护性以及超强的纠错能力。本软件完善了WTST-150试验机的温度控制系统,使其更加符合实际工况。     

SDJ/W25高低温恒湿环境试验箱

在科技高速发展的今天,越来越多的精密仪器需要进行高低温及湿热试验,以便对试品在给定环境条件下的行为能力作出评价。精密仪器往往要求低风速,低震动和高精度温场。本文介绍环境试验设备如何实现低风速、低震动下,温场高精度。     

我国南方主要酸沉降区临界负荷研究

以马尾松为指示植物,对韶关的土壤进行了长期淋溶模拟并记录其化学状态。结果发现,土壤溶液的pH值下降到4.0,Bs值下降到几乎为零,有较大量的A1离子溶出。最后选取土壤溶液pn〉4.0、KS〉10％和[Al^3＋]〈0.1mmol／L为临界化学指标,参考国内外应用广泛的MAGIC模型和SMART模型,确定韶关酸沉降临界负荷（S的临界负荷）为14.1keq／hm^2.a。     

A Comparison of Statistical Approaches for Predicting Stream Temperatures Across Heterogeneous Landscapes1

Abstract: Estimating stream temperatures across broad spatial extents is important for regional conservation of running waters. Although statistical models can be useful in this endeavor, little information exists to aid in the selection of a particular statistical approach. Our objective was to compare the accuracy of ordinary least‐squares multiple linear regression, generalized additive modeling, ordinary kriging, and linear mixed modeling (LMM) using July mean stream temperatures in Michigan and Wisconsin. Although LMM using low‐rank thin‐plate smoothing splines to measure the spatial autocorrelation in stream temperatures was the most accurate modeling approach; overall, there were only slight differences in prediction accuracy among the evaluated approaches. This suggests that managers and researchers can select a stream temperature modeling approach that meets their level of expertise without sacrificing substantial amounts of prediction accuracy. The most accurate models for Michigan and Wisconsin had root mean square errors of 2.0‐2.3°C, suggesting that only relatively coarse predictions can be produced from landscape‐based statistical models at regional scales. Explaining substantially more variability in stream temperatures likely will require the collection of finer‐scale hydrologic and physiographic data, which may be cost prohibitive for monitoring and assessing stream temperatures at regional scales.     

重庆近48年来高温天气气候特征及其环流形势

利用重庆23个气象观测站1960~2007年逐日最高气温观测资料,NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集中的高度场格点资料,运用EOF、REOF等方法,探讨重庆高温日数的空间分布特征,并对多高温天气的2006年和少高温天气年7~8月的环流特征进行了分析。结果表明：重庆高温天气主要出现在7~8月份,高温日数具有显著的年代际和区域性差异,20世纪70年代最多,80年代最少,沿长江、乌江为高温多发带。一致性异常分布是重庆高温日数的最主要空间模态;高温日数的异常空间分布可分为以下3个关键区：重庆中西部、重庆东南部、重庆东北部。乌拉尔山至鄂霍次克海地区阻塞高压偏弱,东亚大槽偏浅;100 hPa 高空南亚高压偏东,500 hPa 高空副高偏北偏西,形成一种上高下高的叠加形势是重庆7~8月出现多高温天气的主要原因。     

中温焙烧/钠化氧化法回收电镀污泥中的铬

采用中温焙烧/钠化氧化法从电镀污泥中回收铬.结果表明,影响铬浸出率的最主要因素为焙烧温度.电镀污泥与碳酸钠质量比、焙烧时间、水浸时间对铬浸出率的影响较接近,在水浸水固比为10.0 ; 1.0(质量比)、室温、焙烧温度为650℃、焙烧时间为2.0h、电镀污泥与碳酸钠质量比为1:1、水浸时间为60 min的最佳浸出条件下,铬浸出率为99.3%;去除氢氧化铝、氢氧化锌的最佳反应温度和pH分别为90～95℃和7.5;去除硫酸钠晶体的最佳pH为4.0,在最佳试验条件下,铬回收率为90.57%.     

不同水温时底泥扰动对不同形态磷分布的影响

研究了江南地区典型水温条件下,底泥扰动对上覆水中不同形态磷迁移的影响.结果表明,不同水温条件下,底泥扰动均有利于上覆水中溶解态磷(即溶解性总磷酸盐(DTP),包括溶解性正磷酸盐(DIP)和溶解性有机磷(DOP))向底泥迁移.与对照试验相比,不同水温时的扰动均导致DIP/TP和DTP/TP明显降低.与初始状态(第0天时)相比,扰动导致DIP/TP分别降低了39.61百分点(冬季水温)和17.38百分点(夏季水温),而DTP/TP则分别降低了39.16百分点(冬季水温)和19.06百分点(夏季水温).相反,对照试验中,DTP/TP分别上升了24.90百分点(冬季水温)和23.37百分点(夏季水温).这说明底泥扰动促进了溶解态磷向颗粒态磷(PP)的转化.     

Heterogeneity of Thermal Extremes: Driven by Disturbance or Inherent in the Landscape

Ecologists are beginning to recognize the effect of heterogeneity on structure and function in arid and semiarid ecosystems. Additionally, the influences of temperature on ecosystems are widely documented, but landscape temperature patterns and relationships with vegetation are rarely reported in ecological studies. To better understand the importance of temperature patterns to the conservation and restoration of native ecosystems, we designed an experiment to investigate relationships among soil surface temperature, landscape heterogeneity, and grazing intensity. Grazing intensity did influence the vegetation structure and composition. Heavy treatments had the greatest bare ground and the least vertical structure. Ungrazed treatments had the most litter and live grass cover. However, average temperatures among the three grazing treatments were not different and ranged less than 2°C during midday summer periods. The temperature difference between riparian and upland landscapes within grazing treatments was 21°C. Landscape position (riparian vs. upland) did have a significant influence on soil surface temperature and produced a variation in temperature 11 times greater than grazing intensities. Thermal heterogeneity did not differ among grazing treatments. Lower soil surface temperatures (associated with riparian areas) may provide a critical thermal refuge for many animals in arid and semiarid ecosystems on hot summer days, when air temperatures can exceed 37°C. Riparian zones, specifically riparian vegetation, are an important component in ecosystem management.     

应用电性拓扑状态指数预测烷烃自燃点

建立了一个基于人工神经网络的定量结构-性质相关性模型,用于52种烷烃化合物自燃点的预测研究。应用原子类型电性拓扑状态指数作为表征分子结构特征的描述符。该指数既能表征分子的电子特性,又反映其拓扑特征,同时易于计算,并有较强的同分异构体区分能力。采用误差反向传播（BP）神经网络方法对烷烃自燃点与电性拓扑状态指数间可能存在的非线性关系进行拟合。将52种烷烃样本随机划分为训练集（30种）、验证集（8种）和测试集（14种）,并通过“试差法”确定网络的最优参数。运用最佳网络结构[64—1]对实验样本进行模拟,结果表明,多数样本的自燃点预测值与实验值符合良好,对于测试集,平均预测绝对误差为8．4℃,均方根误差为11．8,优于多元线性回归方法和传统基团贡献法所得结果。该方法的提出为工程上提供了一种根据分子结构预测有机物白燃点的有效方法。