建筑结构减震控制新体系——减轻城市地震灾害的有效途径

本文提出一种崭新的,更加安全、有效、简单、经济,且能适用于不同地震烈度区的结构减震控制体系,包括结构隔震体系,结构消能减震体系,被动和主动减震控制体系,并介绍这种新体系的减震机理、构造方案、试验成果、减震动力理论分析,以及在国内外的最新研究发展和应用情况,包括作者在该领域所取得的最新试验研究、理论和工程应用成果,并以减轻城市地震灾害为目标,探讨了抗震结构今后的发展方向。     

Comparative Studies on the Usefulness of Seven Ecological Indices for the Marine Coastal Monitoring Close to the Shore on the Swedish East Coast

The simultaneous behaviour of seven ecological indices(Hurlberts, Margalefs, Menhinicks, Shannons,species number, Jaccards and saprobic index) wasstudied based on phytoplankton data close to the shoreon the East coast of Sweden during the summer 1998.The sampling stations had a similar eutrophicationlevel and were located in bays. Standard phytoplanktondatabases were used in calculating the indices, whichwere later compared using cluster analysis.Hurlberts, Margalefs, Menhinicks, Shannons andspecies number indices, as measure of communitydiversity, produced similar trends which oftendiffered from those based on Jaccards index ofsimilarity. However, the simultaneous use of theseindices was found meaningful as a possible part of themonitoring close to the shore. The application of asaprobic index lead to erroneous conclusions in thestudied case.     

global climate change: processes and products – an overview

Our knowledge of global climate change has many uncertainties.Whether global air temperature will increase, by how much, and when,are subject to debate, but there is little doubt that troposphericconcentrations of several trace gases are increasing. While possibleincreases in the average air temperature is a product of these changes,the increases in the trace gases alone will have an effect on agriculture.Increases in the ambient concentrations of carbon dioxide are expectedto have a positive net effect on crop production. In contrast, anyincreases in the penetration of surface-level ultraviolet-B (280–320 nm)radiation, and known increases in surface ozone concentrations, areconsidered to have adverse effects on certain crops. Our presentknowledge of the joint effects on crops of elevated levels of carbondioxide, ultraviolet-B radiation and ozone, and possible alterations in airtemperature and precipitation patterns, is virtually zero. Therefore, anypredictions of the effects of global climate change on agriculture aresubject to significant uncertainties. In contrast, coupling of climatechange (only temperature and precipitation) models to crop productionhas led to a number of future scenarios. In spite of theirpresent limitations, results from these efforts can be useful in planningfor future agriculture.     

醛类化合物-DNA加合物结构研究进展

综述了环境中常见的7种醛类污染物与DNA形成加合物的结构研究现状,包括单核苷酸-醛试管反应、DBA-醛试管反应、细胞培养、动物体以及人体内所产生的加合物结构的研究方法与结论,并对加合物结构研究的难点和发展方向进行了探讨。     

重庆长寿地区垂直温度结构特征分析

本文根据在长寿地区进行的一系列大气边界层探空试验资料,分析了大气温度垂直结构特征以及与逆温有关的大气扩散条件。     

生态系统健康评价的研究进展

回顾了生态系统健康的概念,阐述了水生态系统健康评价的三种指标体系:指示物种指标体系、结构功能指标体系、V-O-R指标体系.其中,结构功能指标体系从选取指标和指标分类两方面进行了方法归纳,分析了生态系统健康的几种评价方法,以及讨论了生态系统健康研究中存在的问题和发展趋势.     

藏东南地区发展烟草问题研究

种植业对藏东南地区农村经济发展有重要影响。本文就该区发展烟草种植的可行性、必要性、重要性、发展规模和战略对策等重要问题进行了较为充分的论证。旨在引起有关决策部门和学术界的重视,以促进该区农村经济的发展。     

四川省金川县土地利用结构的初步研究

金川县地处青藏高原向横断山脉深切峡谷过渡地带,在土地利用上具有明显的立体结构。森林采伐、土地开垦都在不断改变土地利用的状况。怎样合理利用土地,成为目前突出的问题。本文以1/20万土地利用现状图量算面积及1984年以前的统计资料为基础,着重分析了土地利用结构及其调整问题。     

气候变暖对黑龙江省作物生产的影响及其对策

黑龙江省在未来30年和50年内气温分别增高1.9℃和2.4℃的情景下,积温带将向北推移近5个纬距,至2050年,原第一积温带将北移至大兴安岭北部,其余4个积温带将基本消失.模拟结果显示,未来水稻将减产9%,主栽区将北移至黑龙江流域;小麦应压缩耕作面积,未来产量变化不大,应逐步扩大冬小麦试种区域,最后达到规模生产;气候变暖使玉米生育期缩短11.3天,产量减少2.7%,应发展早熟玉米、饲料玉米、经济玉米,提高经济效益;气候变暖对大豆生产极为有利,高产区北移,产量可提高70%～80%,在黑龙江流域松嫩和三江平原北部,特别垦区发展大豆生产优势很大;喜凉经济作物受到一定影响,应向北发展.提出了未来适应性农业的6项对策,特别要安排好主要作物的结构调整及区域分布.     

材料和结构的损伤与安全性

本文介绍了材料和结构损伤与安全性的研究进展.首先从损伤所造成危害的严重性来说明研究材料和结构损伤的重要性,介绍目前材料和构件损伤问题研究所遇到的现状.进一步对材料和结构损伤做了归纳,并介绍了几种典型损伤的研究方法,以及损伤程度对结构安全性的影响.最后指出了材料和结构损伤及安全性研究发展趋势.