Recovery of the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community in a Small Stream After Long-Term Discharges of Fly Ash

Recovery of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in a small east Tennessee stream impacted by fly ash discharges from a power plant was investigated over a period of 6.5 years. The rate of recovery was greatest in the first 2 years after an initial 75% reduction in coal use led to a similar reduction in ash discharges and associated contaminants; further recovery followed after all fly ash discharges ceased. Recovery of the stream progressed through two phases. In the first phase, which lasted for approximately the first 2 years, most density and richness metrics increased considerably. In the second phase of recovery, the increases in metric values were followed by declines before fluctuating in and out of the lower reference ranges for the metrics. Detrended correspondence analyses and indicator species analyses showed that changes in species composition and community structure were ongoing throughout the second phase. Thus, the first phase was characterized by species additions, while the second phase involved species replacements and shifts in community dominants. Further recovery of the macroinvertebrate community will probably depend on additional flushing of fly ash deposits from the streambed and flood plain, because their continued presence reduces habitat quality in the stream and serves as a potential source of contaminants. Further recovery also may be limited by the availability of vagile species in nearby watersheds.     

资源工程体系建设探讨——以三峡库区坡地资源开发保护体系建设为例

资源工程是实现社会经济发展的基本途径。资源开发体系和保护体系建设是构成资源工程体系的主要内容。文章阐述了如何设计一个资源开发和保护体系的总体思路（包括原则、目标、内容、行动、效益评估）,并以长江三峡库区坡地资源利用保护为例,通过植物篱农林复合技术,使水土流失和环境退化基本得到了控制,经济产出比纯柑桔系统和纯粮食作物系统分别高出１／５和１／４,成为开发与保护融为一体、经济和生态相互促进的技术。这一技术值得在中国东部湿润半湿润区域推广。     

日本弓背蚁群体结构及其开发价值

本文调查研究了日本弓背蚁的群体结构和生物学特性,并初步探讨了日本弓背蚁的营养价值及其开发利用对策.     

建筑结构减震控制新体系——减轻城市地震灾害的有效途径

本文提出一种崭新的,更加安全、有效、简单、经济,且能适用于不同地震烈度区的结构减震控制体系,包括结构隔震体系,结构消能减震体系,被动和主动减震控制体系,并介绍这种新体系的减震机理、构造方案、试验成果、减震动力理论分析,以及在国内外的最新研究发展和应用情况,包括作者在该领域所取得的最新试验研究、理论和工程应用成果,并以减轻城市地震灾害为目标,探讨了抗震结构今后的发展方向。     

Comparative Studies on the Usefulness of Seven Ecological Indices for the Marine Coastal Monitoring Close to the Shore on the Swedish East Coast

The simultaneous behaviour of seven ecological indices(Hurlberts, Margalefs, Menhinicks, Shannons,species number, Jaccards and saprobic index) wasstudied based on phytoplankton data close to the shoreon the East coast of Sweden during the summer 1998.The sampling stations had a similar eutrophicationlevel and were located in bays. Standard phytoplanktondatabases were used in calculating the indices, whichwere later compared using cluster analysis.Hurlberts, Margalefs, Menhinicks, Shannons andspecies number indices, as measure of communitydiversity, produced similar trends which oftendiffered from those based on Jaccards index ofsimilarity. However, the simultaneous use of theseindices was found meaningful as a possible part of themonitoring close to the shore. The application of asaprobic index lead to erroneous conclusions in thestudied case.     

global climate change: processes and products – an overview

Our knowledge of global climate change has many uncertainties.Whether global air temperature will increase, by how much, and when,are subject to debate, but there is little doubt that troposphericconcentrations of several trace gases are increasing. While possibleincreases in the average air temperature is a product of these changes,the increases in the trace gases alone will have an effect on agriculture.Increases in the ambient concentrations of carbon dioxide are expectedto have a positive net effect on crop production. In contrast, anyincreases in the penetration of surface-level ultraviolet-B (280–320 nm)radiation, and known increases in surface ozone concentrations, areconsidered to have adverse effects on certain crops. Our presentknowledge of the joint effects on crops of elevated levels of carbondioxide, ultraviolet-B radiation and ozone, and possible alterations in airtemperature and precipitation patterns, is virtually zero. Therefore, anypredictions of the effects of global climate change on agriculture aresubject to significant uncertainties. In contrast, coupling of climatechange (only temperature and precipitation) models to crop productionhas led to a number of future scenarios. In spite of theirpresent limitations, results from these efforts can be useful in planningfor future agriculture.     

醛类化合物-DNA加合物结构研究进展

综述了环境中常见的7种醛类污染物与DNA形成加合物的结构研究现状,包括单核苷酸-醛试管反应、DBA-醛试管反应、细胞培养、动物体以及人体内所产生的加合物结构的研究方法与结论,并对加合物结构研究的难点和发展方向进行了探讨。     

重庆长寿地区垂直温度结构特征分析

本文根据在长寿地区进行的一系列大气边界层探空试验资料,分析了大气温度垂直结构特征以及与逆温有关的大气扩散条件。     

生态系统健康评价的研究进展

回顾了生态系统健康的概念,阐述了水生态系统健康评价的三种指标体系:指示物种指标体系、结构功能指标体系、V-O-R指标体系.其中,结构功能指标体系从选取指标和指标分类两方面进行了方法归纳,分析了生态系统健康的几种评价方法,以及讨论了生态系统健康研究中存在的问题和发展趋势.     

藏东南地区发展烟草问题研究

种植业对藏东南地区农村经济发展有重要影响。本文就该区发展烟草种植的可行性、必要性、重要性、发展规模和战略对策等重要问题进行了较为充分的论证。旨在引起有关决策部门和学术界的重视,以促进该区农村经济的发展。