Shallow groundwater nitrogen responses to different land use managements in the riparian zone of Yuqiao Reservoir in North China

This field study investigated the nitrogen concentrations in the shallow groundwater from an ephemeral stream and four land uses:cropland,two-year restored (2yr) and five-years restored (5yr) woodlands,fishponds,and the nitrogen flux in the riparian zone of Yuqiao Reservoir.The groundwater nitrate-N concentrations in cropland were the highest among the four land uses.Total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and nitrate-N concentrations in the 2yr woodland were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in 5yr woodland.The lowest nitrogen concentrations were detected in fishponds.Nitrate-N was the main form in cropland and 2yr woodland,whereas both nitrate-N and diSSolved organic nitrogen (DON) were the main species in 5yr woodland and fishponds.But,ammonium-N was the main form in the ephemeral stream.During the rainy season,the groundwater flow wim dissolved nitrogen drains from upland into the reservoir along the hydraulic gradient.The woodland between the cropland and reservoir could act as a buffer to retain shallow groundwater nitrogen.The dominant form of ammonium-N in the groundwater TDN pool in ephemeral stream indicated that nitrogen from the village and orchard in upland flowed into the reservoir via subsurface flow.The fishpond Was not an important pollution source for nitrogen transfer via shallow groundwater.     

十七世纪中叶以来长三角地区耕地演变特征及影响因素分析

自十七世纪中叶清朝康熙年间推行土地政策以来,长三角地区耕地变化速度显著加快,对现代社会—经济—环境产生了巨大影响。在前人研究基础上,系统收集了长三角地区十七世纪以来的耕地数据,选择海拔、坡度、土壤与河流距离和人口密度等影响因子,利用SPSS软件进行二元Logistic回归,结合不同时期耕地分布影响因子权重,重建1661—2020年长三角地区耕地演变数据,基于此探索历史耕地的空间分异规律和时间演变过程,系统分析不同时期耕地变化驱动因素。研究发现：长三角地区耕地数量呈现“M”型波动上升趋势,在空间分布上表现为“北多南少”,其空间格局呈“西进北扩,纵深扩散”的演变态势。清朝时期,自然地理环境是影响耕地空间分布的重要因素;农业政策和技术随着社会发展逐渐成为耕地变化的主要原因。改革开放后,工业化城镇化进程加快与生态退耕项目的推进导致长三角地区耕地持续减少。历史时期长三角耕地格局持续受到地理环境因素的影响,呈现出动态变化的特征。在地理变迁与耕地格局演变的过程中,自然地理环境在宏观层面上影响耕地格局的形成与演变,始终是耕地格局演绎变迁的基底,也是区域人文景观的基础。人文地理环境则在微观层面深入且细致地改变耕地格局,反映了人类对自然的开发实践。长三角地区耕地的变化体现了人与地理环境之间的博弈,反映出“人地关系”理念的转变。区域发展规划应突显长三角的生态环境优势,打造区域一体化的生态景观廊道,在可持续发展观的指导下推进生态文明建设和美丽中国建设。     

西北旱区农田土壤N_2O排放空间变化特征及影响因素探讨

旱地农田土壤被认为是重要的N_2O排放源,但排放通量及影响因素仍存在不确定性。对西北干旱半干旱地区农田土壤N_2O的排放分析表明,全区N_2O排放通量相对较低,20世纪80—90年代呈波动式增长。N_2O排放的空间格局总体呈现从东南向西南逐渐减少的趋势。陕西地区排放量为75.58 t?a-1,贡献了全区50%的N_2O排放。过量的氮肥施用、较高的降水量以及明显的增温效应是陕西南部N_2O排放增强的主要原因。