基于微震监测技术在矿山安全管理中的应用研究

在井下巷道工程设计多个微震监测系统传感器站网空间布置方案,地震信号由传感器采集并进行前置放大,传至井下数据交换中心,经A/D转化后的数字信号再经由光缆传至地表监测控制中心相连的计算机,利用监测数据对矿山地震活动及岩爆与地压活动进行分析研究、实时的监测和预报.应用该微震监测技术对冬瓜山铜矿的事件定位精度和系统灵敏度的分析,对人工震源定位及定位精度进行的验证实验以及对冬瓜山矿区井下各种振动波形进行的识别和分析,取得了很好的效果.微震监测系统的建立对于推动我国矿山地压灾害监测和安全管理水平具有重要参考意义.     

Data integration across borders: a case study of the Abbotsford‐Sumas aquifer (British Columbia/Washington State)1

Abstract: Integrating spatial datasets from diverse sources is essential for cross‐border environmental investigations and decision‐making. This is a little investigated topic that has profound implications for the availability and reliability of spatial data. At present, ground‐water hydrostratigraphic models exist for both the Canadian or for the United States (U.S.) portion of the aquifer but few are integrated across the border. In this paper, we describe the challenges of integrating multiple source, large datasets for development of a ground‐water hydrostratigraphic model for the Abbotsford‐Sumas Aquifer. Growing concerns in Canada regarding excessive withdrawal south of the border and in the U.S. regarding nitrate contamination originating north of the border make this particular aquifer one of international interest. While much emphasis in GIScience is on theoretical solutions to data integration, such as current ontology research, this study addresses pragmatic ways of integrating data across borders. Numerous interoperability challenges including the availability of data, metadata, data formats and quality, database structure, semantics, policies, and cooperation are identified as inhibitors of data integration for cross‐border studies. The final section of the paper outlines two possible solutions for standardizing classification schemes for ground‐water models – once data heterogeneity has been addressed.     

特长公路隧道内的横通道间距和车行间距研究

隧道火灾,尤其是长大公路、铁路隧道火灾,往往是灾难性的。因此,基于性能化防火设计原理,对雪峰山特长公路隧道的横通道间距和车行间距进行了研究。对中等规模20 MW的火灾,按照规范建议的3 m/s的风速进行通风的情况下,先用CFD软件模拟计算火灾危险时间Tfire,然后由疏散模型中的经验公式计算人员疏散时间Tevac,比较分析不同横通道间距下人员疏散的安全性;同时为了避免隧道内车辆间的引燃,利用辐射换热原理,对车辆间的火灾蔓延性进行了分析。模拟结果为:最佳横通道间距约为290 m,最小引燃间距为6 m。考虑到建设成本的问题,建议雪峰山隧道的横通道间距改为300 m;同时,考虑到后继车辆的刹车及不同的行车速度等因素,建议特长隧道内车距最好要大于110 m;     

Partial compensation of the sublethal effect of deltamethrin on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma brassicae

Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used and lead to a sizable environmental pollution that could interfere with the population biology of insects. Trichogramma is a beneficial insect used in biological control and which natural populations contribute to the control of Lepidopterus pests. In this work, we determined the effect of a sublethal dose of deltamethrin on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma. The dose used (LD 0.1) induces no detectable mortality (the theoretical mortality is only one insect over 1000) and can be a good representation of contamination by this insecticide from environmental pollution. The insecticide was shown to have opposite effects on the sex pheromonal communication of Trichogramma, depending on which sex was exposed (Delpuech, J.M., Legallet, B., Terrier, O., Fouillet, P., 1999. Chemosphere 38, 729–739). We show that, when both sexes are simultaneously exposed to the insecticide, this effect is only partially neutralized. The mean response of treated males responding to the sex pheromone from treated females is not significantly different from that of controls, but the kinetics of their response is not the same. When both sexes are treated, the response of males to the sex pheromone is lower at the beginning but their response does not decrease during time contrary to controls and becomes finally higher than that of controls. Therefore, the sublethal effect of deltamethrin in the field can be either advantageous or disadvantageous depending on the difficulty in finding females and their scarcity.     

一体式膜-生物反应器的水动力学特性

以研究一体式膜 -生物反应器的水动力学特性为目的 ,通过试验测定了反应器中膜间液体错流流速的分布和大小 ,建立了描述错流流速的计算模型 ,并考察了曝气量和反应器结构对错流流速的影响 .曝气量为 40 m³/h时 ,膜组件中部的错流流速为0.36～ 0.4³m/s,比膜组件 2边的流速约大 6.2%～ 21%.错流流速实测值与模型计算值吻合良好 .曝气量为 20～50 m³/h时 ,错流流速随曝气量的升高而增大 ,当曝气量大于 50 m³/h后错流流速逐渐趋向平稳 ;反应器高度越高 ,上升流通道越窄、下降流道和底部流道越宽 ,在同样曝气量条件下 ,可获得越大的错流流速 .     

电极铺设方式对填埋场渗漏检测定位的影响

利用高压直流电法,对单HDPE膜衬层模拟垃圾填埋场检测电极采用蜂窝状和栅格状2种铺设方式对漏洞定位影响进行了研究,通过2种算法进行了定位误差的比较.结果表明,在电极间距为1m时,蜂窝状电极铺设方式漏洞定位误差是栅格状误差的53%,但电极数量增加了13%.第1种算法的误差小且波动较小.检测电极采用蜂窝状铺设方式,电极间距为1m,回路电流为100mA时,漏洞定位误差不超过15cm.     

An advanced study on the hydrometallurgical processing of waste computer printed circuit boards to extract their valuable content of metals

This study refers to two chemical leaching systems for the base and precious metals extraction from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs); sulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide have been used for the first group of metals, meantime thiourea with the ferric ion in sulfuric acid medium were employed for the second one. The cementation process with zinc, copper and iron metal powders was attempted for solutions purification. The effects of hydrogen peroxide volume in rapport with sulfuric acid concentration and temperature were evaluated for oxidative leaching process. 2 M H₂SO₄ (98% w/v), 5% H₂O_2, 25 °C, 1/10 S/L ratio and 200 rpm were founded as optimal conditions for Cu extraction. Thiourea acid leaching process, performed on the solid filtrate obtained after three oxidative leaching steps, was carried out with 20 g/L of CS(NH₂)₂, 6 g/L of Fe³⁺, 0.5 M H₂SO₄, The cross-leaching method was applied by reusing of thiourea liquid suspension and immersing 5 g/L of this reagent for each other experiment material of leaching. This procedure has lead to the doubling and, respectively, tripling, of gold and silver concentrations into solution. These results reveal a very efficient, promising and environmental friendly method for WPCBs processing.     

Effectiveness of amphibians as biodiversity surrogates in pond conservation

Amphibian decline has led to worldwide conservation efforts, including the identification and designation of sites for their protection. These sites could also play an important role in the conservation of other freshwater taxa. In 89 ponds in Switzerland, we assessed the effectiveness of amphibians as a surrogate for 4 taxonomic groups that occur in the same freshwater ecosystems as amphibians: dragonflies, aquatic beetles, aquatic gastropods, and aquatic plants. The ponds were all of high value for amphibian conservation. Cross‐taxon correlations were tested for species richness and conservation value, and Mantel tests were used to investigate community congruence. Species richness, conservation value, and community composition of amphibians were weakly congruent with these measures for the other taxonomic groups. Paired comparisons for the 5 groups considered showed that for each metric, amphibians had the lowest degree of congruence. Our results imply that site designation for amphibian conservation will not necessarily provide protection for freshwater biodiversity as a whole. To provide adequate protection for freshwater species, we recommend other taxonomic groups be considered in addition to amphibians in the prioritization and site designation process.     

高速铁路对中国资源型城市区位的影响

资源型城市区位偏远被认为是制约资源型城市转型和可持续发展的重要因素。随着高速铁路的迅速发展,资源型城市的区位条件是否得到改善?以国务院确定的126个地级资源型城市为研究对象,以资源型城市所在省的省会城市和与资源型城市联系紧密的北京、上海、广州三个区域中心城市为参照对象,利用时间距离的计算方法,对高速铁路（D车、G车）对资源型城市区位的影响进行分类型和分地区的评价。研究表明：（1）总体上看,高速铁路恶化了资源型城市的区位。相对于D车,G车的影响更显著;（2）D车和G车对资源型城市区位的影响具有一致性,在一定程度上说明D车和G车在空间布局上具有重叠性;（3）分资源类型看,成熟型资源型城市既是区位改善最明显的城市,也是区位恶化最明显的城市;（4）分地区看,中部地区的资源型城市区位改善最明显,西部地区的资源型城市区位恶化最明显。在此基础上,进一步提出政策启示。     

武汉城市圈产业结构动态分析

武汉市作为国家“两型社会”改革试点城市圈之一,又是武汉城市圈的龙头城市,在面临东部产业转移和国家积极调整产业结构的背景下,一方面必须积极承接东部转移产业,另一方面又必须调整产业结构,以保证经济的可持续发展.基于前人的研究,对武汉城市圈9个城市的三次产业发展情况进行区位熵分析,并结合武汉城市圈整体产业结构的洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数分析得出武汉城市圈9个城市的产业结构现状,以及在各个产业上的比较优势和产业结构相似性的情况,在武汉城市圈面临迎接产业转移和自身产业结构调整双重任务的前提下,结合可持续发展模式对武汉城市圈产业布局优化和产业结构调整提出政策建议.