基于自适应遗传算法的应急物资储备库选址及物资调配优化研究

应急物资储备库是应急救援的重要载体,储备库选址是否科学合理决定着整个应急公共服务体系的成效,而传统遗传算法在研究储备库选址与物资调配相结合的问题上存在局限性。针对这一问题,从需求点及应急设施服务质量视角构建基于覆盖满意度和经济性的应急设施选址与物资调配优化模型,并根据模型设计自适应遗传算法(AGA),结合储备库实际情况采取具有方向性的初始群体生成法提高搜索速度,设计自适应交叉与变异算子使AGA能够在进化速度与解的质量之间进行权衡,并获得全局最优解。结果表明,该算法能跳出局部最优从而获得最优的选址-分配方案,可为应急管理部门和决策机构的应急设施选址规划及应急物资分配提供理论依据和决策参考。     

基于Stacking集成学习模型的气态亚硝酸预测

建立了基于Stacking集成学习下气态亚硝酸（HONO）预测模型.利用非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱（IBBCEAS）系统获得的北京城区HONO的浓度,结合HONO的来源,选取了O₃、CO、SO₂、NO、NO₂、NO_y、温度（T）、相对湿度（RH）、风速（WS）、j（HONO）、j（NO₂）、j（O¹D）作为特征数据,通过对HONO的平均日变化分析,将测量时间按小时转换为新特征.分别以极端梯度提升（XGBoost）、轻量化梯度促进机（LightGBM）以及随机森林（RF）算法构建基模型,采用5折交叉验证的方式划分训练集,将基模型输出的结果作为新特征集,并将新特征集作为第二层线性回归模型的输入,通过对这两层中的模型进行训练,最终得到Stacking集成学习HONO预测模型.通过对模型的特征重要度分析和计算夜间交通直接排放所占的贡献,表明CO是模型预测中重要的影响因子,说明机动车的直接排放是该区域冬季时期HONO的重要来源.利用测试集分别对单模型和融合后模型的预测性能进行评估,3个单模型的预测结果与测量值的相关系数都达到了0.91以上,其中Stacking融合后的模型性能最好,相关系数达到了0.94,平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别为0.307×10^-9和0.453×10^-9,结果表明基于Stacking集成学习方式下HONO预测模型的可解释性和推广性.     

黄河万家寨断面水质安全分析

水质安全不仅是与人们身体健康密切相关的环境问题,而且也是一个国家非常重要的政治、经济和社会问题。为了解作为饮用水源——黄河万家寨断面的水质状况,笔者依据中国现行的有关水质标准,对黄河万家寨断面的水质进行了详细的分析;针对超标项目作了检测超标率、最高超标倍数等分析计算,确定出建库前后最主要的超标项目对它们进行了水质随时间变化规律和污染特性的分析,在此基础上分析其原因,提出相应的解决办法。通过对黄河万家寨断面水质安全的分析和评价,为有针对性地防治水污染,保护地表饮用水源,进一步改善水质,优化水源管理,保障人民健康和维护良好的生态系统提供科学依据。     

广西崇左某厂址岩溶发育特征及工程地质评价

通过对崇左地区地质调查及厂址岩土工程勘察,围绕厂址主要工程地质问题——岩溶,从发育条件、发展历史、岩溶形态的分布特点等分析研究厂址区岩溶发育特征,对建厂工程地质条件及岩溶工程的一般规律进行了评价和归纳。     

快速准确测量圆形管道废水流量

在测量圆形管道的废水流量时 ,废水截面积的计算较为复杂 ,且情况多变。本研究试图推导出一个废水截面积的通用公式 ,进而归纳出废水流量的通用综合算式 ,并运用程序计算法进行计算 ,从而达到快速准确地测量圆形管道废水流量的目的     

Spatial error propagation when computing linear combinations of spectral bands: The case of vegetation indices

The collection of accurate and timely information on land use, crops, forest and vegetation are increasingly based on remote sensing spectral measurements produced by satellites. The most recent spacecrafts like the Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) produce a rich source of information being endowed with hyperspectral sensors that can provide up to 200 or more channels. In many instances such a multivariate signal has to be reduced to just one single value per pixel representing a particular characteristic of land. Linear combinations of bands are the general form of many indices. Since each individual image used to construct indices contains errors, when combined they produce a propagation of errors, a process that can distort a final output map. In this paper we measure the extent of error propagation when building linear vegetation indices. We consider three types of indices: the difference vegetation index (DVI), selected Kauth-Thomas indices (SBI, GVI and WET), and principal components, using benchmarking examples taken from the remote sensing literature. The main implication emerging from these examples is that the SBI and the first principal component are the indices more prone to error propagation. The formalization presented here allows a user to derive measures of error propagation in cases where technical characteristics of a sensor and physical characteristics of a landscape are known. These results can help a user to choose between alternative vegetation indices, and to associate a measure of reliability with such indices.     

Bayesian predictive inference for the proportion of eroded land in a small area in Iowa

There is an increasing interest in the quality of soil, especially for small geographical areas. We present a method to estimate the percent of the area in a county or hydrological basin that is eroded. There are sample data (for several counties in eastern Iowa) from the National Resources Inventory and population data on land use, land capability class, rainfall and slope length and steepness. Using the Gibbs sampler we perform Bayesian predictive inference to obtain estimates for the non-sampled units. These estimates, together with the sample data, provide an estimate of the proportion of the total area that is eroded. We assess the quality of fit of our model using two cross-validation exercises and graphical methods.     

All at sea: aquatic life modifies mate-recognition modalities in sea snakes (Emydocephalus annulatus, Hydrophiidae)

Alternative sensory modalities (e.g. vision, chemoreception) differ in the spatial scale, permanence and reliability of cues they provide to mate-searching males. Males of terrestrial snake species use chemoreception to locate females over large distances, but phylogenetic shifts to aquatic life render such cues unavailable. Do male sea snakes use alternative modalities for identifying potential sexual partners and if so, are the novel systems as effective for mate-finding as the ancestral ones? Observations and experiments show that free-ranging male turtle-headed sea snakes (Emydocephalus annulatus) in shallow-water reef habitats in New Caledonia use visual cues (including size, movement and color pattern) to assess whether snake-shaped objects are potential sexual partners. Skin lipids (pheromones) are important only after the male comes into physical contact with the stimulus. Visual cues provide unreliable information about potential mates, and function over short distances only (generally, <1 m). In consequence, mate-searching male snakes frequently failed to find nearby females, rarely managed to maintain contact with females they did find, and wasted time and energy investigating inappropriate stimuli (e.g. fishes, sea cucumbers, divers). The loss of effective pheromonal mate-location systems means that mate recognition by aquatic snakes functions over smaller distances than in their terrestrial relatives. Phylogenetic transitions among habitat types thus may directly modify central features of the mating system.     

巫山县大昌古镇拟选搬迁新址适宜性评价研究

大昌古镇始建于西晋太康年初,现保存较为完整的古镇建于明代。镇内目前保存完好的东、西、南三条街道,沿街多为具川东地区建筑风格的民居建筑,是重庆市著名的历史文化名镇。同时古镇又是三峡工程库区重庆段保存规模最大,结构最完整的古建筑群,为了更好地再现三峡库区古老的历史文化风貌,国家文物局经过充分论证和可行性研究,将其确定为“整体搬迁”项目。因此,对于大昌古镇搬迁新址的选择就成为本次保护工程的首要问题。对巫山县大昌古镇拟选的五处搬迁新址,在区域工程地质条件评价的基础上,综合环境、人文及地质等因素,建立了综合评估体系,并尝试性地对拟选的几处新址进行了客观的定性和半定量评价,为建设部门提供了决策依据。评估体系综合考虑了城市建设的适宜程度、工程建设投资的合理性、文物环境风貌的再生性及资源开发效益的合理性四方面影响单元,和与之密切相关的量化影响因子,建立了分层定量取值标准,采用加权平均原则,在单元评价的基础上完成了综合性评价。