巫山县大昌古镇拟选搬迁新址适宜性评价研究

大昌古镇始建于西晋太康年初,现保存较为完整的古镇建于明代。镇内目前保存完好的东、西、南三条街道,沿街多为具川东地区建筑风格的民居建筑,是重庆市著名的历史文化名镇。同时古镇又是三峡工程库区重庆段保存规模最大,结构最完整的古建筑群,为了更好地再现三峡库区古老的历史文化风貌,国家文物局经过充分论证和可行性研究,将其确定为“整体搬迁”项目。因此,对于大昌古镇搬迁新址的选择就成为本次保护工程的首要问题。对巫山县大昌古镇拟选的五处搬迁新址,在区域工程地质条件评价的基础上,综合环境、人文及地质等因素,建立了综合评估体系,并尝试性地对拟选的几处新址进行了客观的定性和半定量评价,为建设部门提供了决策依据。评估体系综合考虑了城市建设的适宜程度、工程建设投资的合理性、文物环境风貌的再生性及资源开发效益的合理性四方面影响单元,和与之密切相关的量化影响因子,建立了分层定量取值标准,采用加权平均原则,在单元评价的基础上完成了综合性评价。     

Electrophoretic and liquid chromatographic characterization of red cell membrane proteins modified by chromate

Besides its effects of the genetic material and function, chromate also immediately affects the structure and function of cell membranes. With human erythrocytes, chromate produces alterations in cell size and shape, it impairs the anion transport function, and it causes modifications in membrane constituents. The proteins have been analysed by one‐ and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The main chromate effects are the crosslinking of proteins including the membrane protein bands 1 and 2 (spectrin) and haemoglobin. Furthermore, a 40.000 D membrane protein fraction is modified. Chromate may react directly with membrane constituents but evidence also points to the formation of reactive oxygen compounds which in turn may react with proteins and lipids of the cell membrane.     

复杂火区条件下煤火圈划和火源位置探测方法及应用

应用同位素测氡法探测技术对老二井火区进行了精确探测,并结合数值插值技术对野外测氡数据进行相应处理,得成了火区氡测值等值线和火区高温火源位置分布等值线,进而区分了该火区东西测场内的温度异常区和燃烧区。分析结果表明,西区温度异常区总面积约255477m2,东区温度异常总面积约70370m2,为该矿区灭火方案的设计提供了科学依据,也可为国内同类问题的解决提供参考。     

Household Location Choices: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation

Abstract: Successful conservation efforts require understanding human behaviors that directly affect biodiversity. Choice of household location represents an observable behavior that has direct effects on biodiversity conservation, but no one has examined the sociocultural predictors of this choice relative to its environmental impacts. We conducted a case study of the Teton Valley of Idaho and Wyoming (U.S.A.) that (1) explored relationships between sociodemographic variables, environmental attitudes, and the environmental impact of household location choices, (2) assessed the potential for small household sizes in natural areas to multiply the environmental impacts of household location decisions, and (3) evaluated how length of residency predicted the environmental attitudes of people living in natural areas. We collected sociodemographic data, spatial coordinates, and land‐cover information in a survey of 416 households drawn from a random sample of Teton Valley residents (95% compliance rate). Immigrants (respondents not born in the study area) with the lowest education levels and least environmentally oriented attitudes lived in previously established residential areas in disproportionately high numbers, and older and more educated immigrants with the most environmentally oriented attitudes lived in natural areas in disproportionately high numbers. Income was not a significant predictor of household location decisions. Those living in natural areas had more environmental impact per person because of the location and because small households (<3 people/household) were 4 times as likely in natural areas as large households. Longer residency in natural areas predicted less environmentally oriented attitudes, suggesting that living in natural areas does not foster more concern for nature. Because populaces are rapidly aging, growing more educated, and potentially growing more environmentally oriented, these patterns are troubling for biodiversity conservation. Our results demonstrate a need for environmentalists to make household location decisions that reflect their environmental attitudes and future research to address how interactions between education level, environmental attitudes, population aging, and household location choices influence biodiversity conservation.     

西藏“一江两河”资源开发和综合发展规划

本文简要介绍了西藏“一江两河”中部流域的开发工程,并提出了制定发展战略应考虑的几个问题。充分利用区域的特殊自然条件,制定合理的能源开发战略,以阻止生态环境恶化,促进区域经济和社会发展,有利于民族团结和社会进步。     

珠江三角洲都市圈旅游空间均衡发展

考察珠江三角洲都市圈旅游空间均衡发展状况并探讨其机制。计算各城市旅游发展区位商,显示区位商≥1的城市数目有增多趋势;其旅游收入和旅游人数占都市圈整体平均百分比有下降趋势,2000年为19.76%,2008年下降至12.83%。珠江三角洲都市圈旅游发展在空间上趋向均衡合理,旅游空间均衡发展在时间上呈增强趋势。运用系统聚类方法,选取2007年统计数据,考察珠江三角洲都市圈旅游发展空间结构现状,发现其内部城市可以划分三个等级,即广州和深圳属第一等级,第二等级包括珠海和东莞,佛山、惠州、江门、中山和肇庆属第三等级。最后借助空间相互作用理论,从互补性、可达性和替代性等方面探讨了珠江三角洲都市圈旅游空间均衡发展的机制。     

森林生态系统补偿标准的方法探讨——以海南省为例

研究的主要目标是针对森林生态系统寻求适宜的补偿标准的方法,从而制定出合理的生态补偿标准。首先运用生态区位商的方法将海南省森林生态系统服务划分为一级主导生态系统服务、二级主导生态系统服务和潜在生态系统服务三类。研究结果显示生物多样性保护、景观游憩和环境净化等划分为一级主导森林生态系统服务;养分循环和水源涵养划为二级主导森林生态系统服务;气候调节、土壤保育、制氧以及林副、木产品为潜在森林生态系统服务。分类结果在现实中符合海南省森林生态系统特征情况。其次,运用恩格尔系数与皮尔生长曲线模型相结合的补偿系数法计算生态补偿系数,结果为0.170。该数据说明现今中国的经济发展刚达到小康水平,人们对于森林生态价值的认识和需求处于初级阶段,因此制定补偿系数不宜太高。根据森林生态系统服务的分类及生态补偿系数的结果,计算出分三个阶段执行的生态补偿标准:在第一阶段,补偿标准为947元/(hm2.a);第二阶段补偿标准提高为1 946元/(hm2.a);第三阶段,补偿标准为2 966元/(hm2.a)。     

DEA模型在垃圾中转站效率评价中的应用

为保持垃圾中转站的高效运营,实现对现有垃圾中转站的优化管理,采用数据包络分析（DEA）方法对已建的垃圾中转站进行相对效率评价。同时,建立了以中转站的固定成本（投资）和变动成本（运行成本）为输入指标,中转站节约的运输成本为输出指标的DEA评价模型,最后通过一算例验证了模型的有效性。     

结合重心法和层次分析法研究垃圾转运站选址

将重心法和层次分析法结合起来研究农村生活垃圾转运站选址问题,首先分析农村生活垃圾产生量及分布,采用重心法对转运站进行初始选址,得出备选地址,然后运用层次分析法对备选地址进行筛选,得到最佳选址方案。与传统选址方法相比,该方法不仅考虑了费用,还综合考虑了影响选址的环境效益、基础条件、法律法规等因素,因此得到的结果更贴近实际。将该方法应用于南方某农村,得到了满意的选址方案。     

联合采用Inglada算法和Geiger算法确定地震精确位置

Inglada定位算法具有全局反演地震位置的优点,但只能采用均匀地壳结构求解地震位置,Geiger定位算法能够采用不均匀地壳结构进行定位,但给定的真解必须在实际解附近才能得到全局最优的震源位置。本研究结合Inglada和Geiger算法的各自优点,提出了地震定位算法的策略,即先采用Inglada算法得到接近真解的初始震源位置,然后采用Geiger算法对Inglada算法得到的解进行修改,以便得到考虑不均匀速度模型的震源位置。数值试验表明这种策略可以很好地约束地震的位置。我们将该算法应用于2008年2月11日江西瑞金ML2.3地震,得到了残差更小的地震精确位置。