罐采样/气相色谱-质谱法分析环境空气中57种臭氧前体物

针对中国当前臭氧污染问题,建立了苏玛罐采样-低温浓缩/气相色谱-质谱法分析环境空气中57种臭氧前体物的方法。样品经三级冷阱预浓缩仪富集、除干扰组分并进行冷聚焦后利用冷柱温分离,气相色谱-质谱法分析。笔者优化了阱的关键温度和时间参数,在最佳实验条件下进行方法性能实验,结果表明,57种目标化合物的方法检出限为0.03×10-6~0.39×10-6,高、中、低3组浓度水平的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%~11%(n=6),空白加标回收率为80.1%~112%。方法成功应用于山东省17个采样城市环境空气样品的分析。     

Modeling the current-voltage characteristics of thin-film silicon solar cells based on photo-induced electron transfer processes

Power conversion efficiency of p-i-n type microcrystalline silicon (c-Si:H) solar cells has been analyzed in terms of sequential processes of photo-induced electron transfer. The effect of the excitonic state on the charged carrier generation has been studied compared to a conventional scheme in which only charged carriers are taken into account for the operation of the solar cells. A numerical model has been developed to calculate current-voltage characteristics of solar cells on the basis of two types of charged carrier generation processes (exciton process and charged carrier process). The light trapping effect due to a textured back surface reflector (BSR) was embedded in the numerical model by using the effective medium theory in combination with the matrix method in the field of the electromagnetic theory of light. As an application of this modeling, it was found that the reported data of the power conversion efficiency were not explained by the conventional charged carrier process model and that the combined model of the charged carrier process with the exciton process well explains the performance of the p-i-n type c-Si:H solar cells. In this way, the typical power conversion efficiencies were estimated to be 10.5% for the device (i-layer thickness: 1.8 m) with the BSR (period: 600 nm; height: 250 nm) and 8.6% for the device with the flat reflector under the condition that the fractions of the exciton process and charged carrier process were 60% and 40%, respectively.     

Modeling the current-voltage characteristics of thin-film silicon solar cells based on photo-induced electron transfer processes

Power conversion efficiency of p-i-n type macrocrystalline silicon (µc-Si:H) solar cells has been analyzed in terms of sequential processes of photo-induced electron transfer. The effect of the excitonic state on the charged carrier generation has been studied compared to a conventional scheme in which only charged carriers are taken into account for the operation of the solar cells. A numerical model has been developed to calculate current-voltage characteristics of solar cells on the basis of two types of charged carrier generation processes (exciton process and charged carrier process). The light trapping effect due to a textured back surface reflector (BSR) was embedded in the numerical model by using the effective medium theory in combination with the matrix method in the field of the electromagnetic theory of light. As an application of this modeling, it was found that the reported data of the power conversion efficiency were not explained by the conventional charged carrier process model and that the combined model of the charged carrier process with the exciton process well explains the performance of the p-i-n type μc-Si:H solar cells. In this way, the typical power conversion efficiencies were estimated to be 10.5% for the device (i-layer thickness: 1.8 μm) with the BSR (period: 600 nm; height: 250 nm) and 8.6% for the device with the flat reflector under the condition that the fractions of the exciton process and charged carrier process were 60% and 40%, respectively.     

溶剂吸收法CO2捕集技术简述

CO2捕集是温室气体减排与利用的重要技术步骤之一。文章介绍了CO2捕集的气源及特点、捕集溶剂与填料的研究进展、能量集成和工艺优化以及化工流程模拟研究,提出该技术研究的重点与方向。     

大气中总挥发性有机硫化物检测方法的研究

建立了一种捕集、解析、氧化、紫外荧光检测技术,用于大气中痕量总挥发性有机硫化物的检测.自行研制的低温捕集-热解析装置综合了固体阻留法和低温冷凝法的优点,应用于大气中痕量挥发性有机硫化物的富集,富集的有机硫化物在高温和助燃气作用下,充分氧化为二氧化硫,采用紫外荧光法检测二氧化硫含量,从而间接获得大气中总挥发性有机硫化物的浓度值.方法的捕集温度5℃,解析温度150℃,氧化温度1 000℃,精密度5.46%,回收率为99.6%～109.2%.利用该装置测定了2011年2～4月青岛大气中痕量总挥发性有机硫化物的含量为42～195 ng·m-3.     

火电厂CO2捕集技术浅析

随着温室效应的加剧,CO2减排及回收净化和再利用技术成为各国关注的焦点。介绍了近年来CO2捕集技术的原理及优缺点,并对CO2捕集技术的前景进行了展望。     

柴油车排气微粒捕集用复合金属丝网的制备与性能研究

论述了用于柴油车排气微粒捕集器的复合金属丝网的制备和测试过程 ,讨论了丝网层数和涂层负载对复合金属丝网过滤性能的影响 ,并分析了其捕集机理     

植物床-沟壕系统的藻类捕获功能

采用原位实验验证植物床．沟壕系统的藻类捕获功能。结果表明：该系统能够有效拦截和捕获源水藻类。在水力梯度驱动下,约35％源水进入高位小沟流经植物床内部根孔结构而汇至低位小沟。低位小沟内叶绿素a（Chl-a）浓度显著低于高位小沟（P=0．0239）,其降低比例为11．1％。以植物床．沟壕系统为结构形式的根孔净化区其出水Chl-a浓度较源水整体下降了27．0％。估算该片根孔净化区捕获藻类鲜生物量约122kg／d。石臼漾湿地共含根孔净化区11片,按供水25万t／d计,估算捕获藻类鲜生物量约1100kg／d。     

微生物对scCO2-咸水-砂岩体系中矿物反应的影响

利用Illumina MiSeq对scCO₂-咸水-砂岩体系中微生物16S rRNA基因V3-V4区进行分析,探究高压反应釜体系中微生物对scCO₂的响应及微生物对矿物反应的作用.结果显示,生物量受pH值影响较大,初始pH值为7.02,生物量11.02×10⁶gene/mL,30d时pH值降至5.65,生物量降至0.26×10⁶gene/mL;随着矿物溶蚀,90d时pH值增至5.87,生物量增至4.61×10⁶gene/mL.群落结构中,phylum Proteobacteria（52.60%（30d）,55.34%（90d））与phylum Firmicutes（46.89%（30d）,43.89%（90d））为优势菌门.在属水平,30,90d时Exiguobacterium,Citrobacter,Acinetobacter与Pseudomonas为优势菌属.产酸菌（Exiguobacterium,Acinetobacter与Pseudomonas）促进了长石与粘土溶蚀,咸水中K⁺,Na⁺,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,T-Fe浓度高于空白组;铁还原菌（Citrobacter）提高了Fe（Ⅱ）/Fe（Ⅲ）比值;微生物膜对Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Fe²⁺具有吸附作用.SEM结果显示,微生物介导下先于空白组出现菱铁矿沉淀.scCO₂-咸水-砂岩体系中适应菌能促进矿物溶蚀与碳酸盐矿物捕获.     

香烟气相物质引发的脂质过氧化与粒细胞呼吸爆发关系的ESR研究

香烟气相物质和空气都能使卵磷脂脂质体发生脂质过氧化.用ESR自旋捕集技术,以DMPO为捕捉剂,研究这种过氧化的脂质体对大鼠腹腔粒细胞(RPG)呼吸爆发的影响.结果表明,一定过氧化程度的脂质可增加促癌剂PMA刺激RPG产生的O_2~-.脂浓度为0.5mg/ml时,这种作用随充烟量的增加先不断增强,30s左右达最大值,然后又逐渐减小.空气引发的脂质过氧化对RPG呼吸爆发有相似的作用.