采动影响下公路路基路面观测站布设方法研究

随着我国交通事业的快速发展以及煤炭资源消耗量的日益增加,矿区高等级公路网络越来越密集,高等级公路下采煤已成为必然趋势。而近年来由于路下采煤对公路造成破坏的案例频频出现,这不仅给国家造成严重的经济损失,而且也对人民的生命财产安全构成威胁。针对我国公路下压煤量较大,矿区公路破坏现象严重,采动影响下公路路基路面观测站布设方法研究甚少的现状,根据高等级公路路基路面自身的特点,分析了地下开采对矿区公路路基路面造成的破坏形式,并根据预计结果,提出了开采影响下高等级公路路基路面观测站的布设方法,并以某矿区一高等级公路为例,通过FLAC3D数值模拟,提取路基路面上原设计观测点的移动变形值,并将其与实测值进行对比。结果表明:二者的最大下沉值仅相差200mm,在误差允许范围内。这为说明和验证上述提出方法的正确性和合理性提供了依据。此外,为了预防和减少事故的发生、保护劳动者人身财产安全,提出了采动影响下公路路基路面的保护措施。     

微生物沥浸法去除底泥中的重金属

以硫酸亚铁盐为底物,培养以氧化亚铁硫杆菌为主要菌种的土著沥滤微生物,采用批式方法对湘江长沙段底泥进行微生物沥浸实验。实验结果表明,底物投加量与底泥固体浓度比(Sd/Sc)为1.5时已能满足底泥的微生物沥浸要求,进一步研究发现底泥固体浓度为13%、底物投加量为19.5 g/L、沥浸时间为6 d时,底泥中超标重金属Cd、Zn和Cu的去除率可分别达到83.1%、75.3%和61.2%;沥浸后底泥中大部分重金属以残渣态存在,且含量低于农用污泥中污染物控制标准,其中硫化物有机结合态Cu浸出较Zn、Cd需更低的pH,且Cu以间接机理浸出为主;以Fe2+为底物的沥浸体系中,黄铁矾的重吸附或共沉淀是沥浸实验后期重金属浸出率下降的原因之一。     

黔西南地区微细粒浸染型金矿床矿物流体包裹体地球化学

应用包裹体地球化学方法，对黔西南地区具有代表性的板其、丫他、戈塘金矿床的成矿物理化学条件和金的活化迁移形式进行了定量计算。在此基础上对金的沉淀聚集过程进行了探讨。     

热解吸工艺放置顺序对土壤重金属稳定化效果的影响

为了研究热解吸工艺放置顺序对土壤重金属稳定化效果的影响,通过小试模拟的方式,对不同种类的土壤样品进行实验,对比分析了土壤的关键指标在加热前后的变化。结果表明,当热解吸工艺放置在添加稳定化药剂前时,会提高土壤的pH,也会使土壤的重金属有效态质量分数和酸浸出质量浓度增加,但仅有较低的可能性使2者超标。并且,根据不同的土壤酸碱性质,热解吸工艺对重金属形态转化产生的影响不同。当热解吸工艺放置在添加稳定化药剂后,不影响土壤重金属有效态含量和浸出浓度,并对重金属的形态转化没有影响。2种技术联用时的顺序对重金属稳定化效果的影响较小。本研究可为工程项目实施时的工艺设计提供参考。     

SCR脱硝系统中尿素热解装置防结晶对策探讨

尿素热解制氨由于其在安全方面的优势,已经越来越多的应用到燃煤电厂脱硝系统中.但结晶问题却始终困扰着所有的尿素热解制氨装置.结合多家电厂处理实际运行中的尿素热解装置出现结晶的经验,着重分析了结晶产生的不同原因,并对部分样品进行了检测,分析了结晶样品的成分.探讨了预防结晶的对策,对尿素热解装置的设计和运行都提出了建议,以期能提高目前尿素热解制氨装置的运行可靠性.     

畜禽粪便有机肥中Cu、Zn在水稻土中的有效性动态变化和形态归趋

通过温室土壤培养试验,研究了不同畜禽粪便有机肥中Cu、Zn在水稻土中有效性动态变化过程和形态归趋,为科学评价畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属进入稻田后的生态风险提供理论依据.试验结果表明,施用畜禽粪便有机肥12个月后,水稻土p H提高了0.4~0.9.施用鸡粪降低了水稻土中有效态Cu含量,而猪粪的施用增加了水稻土中有效态Cu含量.水稻土中有效态Zn含量随畜禽粪便有机肥施用量的增加而增加.与重金属无机盐相比,鸡粪处理中Cu的有效性低于等量无机盐处理,猪粪处理中Cu、Zn和鸡粪处理中Zn的有效性与等量无机盐处理相同.形态归趋过程研究结果表明,畜禽粪便有机肥带入到水稻土中Cu、Zn的量较低时,Cu在有机质结合态中有显著的积累,Zn则在碳酸盐结合态中有显著的积累;带入的Cu、Zn的量较高时,Cu、Zn在各个形态中均有积累;无机盐带入水稻土的Cu、Zn在交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态中均有积累.畜禽粪便有机肥带入的Cu、Zn积累在有机结合态中的量与等量无机盐处理无显著差异.培养12个月时,有机肥处理的交换态Cu含量均显著高于等量无机盐处理,表明畜禽粪便有机肥中Cu的潜在有效性更高.     

青岛市城市绿地种子植物区系的构成特征

在资料分析和2013年夏秋二季进行的实地调查基础上研究了青岛市城市绿地种子植物区系的科属种构成、种的生活型构成、属的地理分布区类型构成,并比较了青岛市城市绿地种子植物区系与青岛崂山种子植物区系、中国种子植物区系属的地理分布区类型构成差异。结果表明,青岛市城市绿地种子植物区系有种子植物69科155属228种,有含5种及以上的12个较大科、124个单种属、183种木本植物和45种草本植物,有热带分布属32属、温带分布属95属、世界分布属14属和中国特有属14属。青岛市城市绿地种子植物区系有植物种类丰富多样,木本植物种类多,区系中属、种的分化程度高,属的地理分布区类型多样且具有很典型的温带特征和鲜明的中国特色等特点。     

Effect of acute exposure of acephate on hemocyte abundance in a non-target victim Drosophila melanogaster

Organophosphate insecticide acephate was tested to investigate effects on hemocyte abundance in a non-target dipteran insect Drosophila melanogaster. For this purpose, third-instar larvae were fed on four graded concentrations (2, 4, 6, or 8 μg/ml) acephate for a period of 12 and 24 hr (acute treatment). Control groups were simultaneously maintained for comparison. Relative proportions of plasmatocytes in hemolymph smear were found to fall with increasing concentrations of the test chemical. Similar decreasing trend in population of lamellocytes was also noted after 12 and 24 hr chemical exposure. In contrast to plasmatocytes and lamellocytes, crystal cell number was found to rise with increasing pesticide concentration. Several factors like oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, and mitotic failure might be the cause of reduced plasmatocyte and lamellocyte count. The elevated number of crystal cells in hemolymph smears is directly indicative of high melanin synthesis that assists larvae to combat chemical stress, since melanin is well known for its potential to minimize physical, chemical, and pathogenic stress.     

Spatial characteristics analysis by PCR-DGGE for bacterial communities in surface sediments of Tangxi River,Hefei City北大核心CSCD

Microbes play an important role in material circulation and pollutant release in urban sediments, and its community structure can provide an important basis for evaluating the pollution load and ecosystem health of an urban river. In this study, bacterial communities in sediments from different locations of Tangxi River in Anhui Province were analyzed and compared, with an objective of evaluating the effects of aquatic environment on spatial characteristics of bacterial communities and the feasibility of using bacterial community composition as an indicator of urban river health. PCR-DGGE was applied to analyze the bacterial communities; fifteen major bands of 16S rDNA genes fragments from DGGE profiles of sediment samples were further eluted from gel, reamplified and sequenced. The sequences of these fragments were compared with the database in GenBank (NCBI). The collected samples were clustered based on UPGM Aanalysis. In addition, relationships between bacterial communities and environmental factors were analyzed by Monte Carlo test and redundancy analysis (RDA). The DGGE profiles indicated that upstream surface sediments had about 30 bands, but the differences in brightness were not significant. Although midstream surface sediments had only 18 bands on average, the brightness of some bands was relatively high, indicating that some dominant species of bacteria existed in these sediments. The amounts of bands in downstream sediments were between those of upstream and midstream, with some bands of high brightness. The NCBI comparison results showed that ten sequences shared 98-100% homology with known sequences, one with 97%, and the other four with uncultured bacteria. Shannon index (H) of bacterial diversity from upstream surface sediments was 3.31 on average, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of midstream surface sediments, and slightly higher than that of downstream surface sediments. UPGMA results showed both the distribution of bacteria communities and the diversity were strongly related with the sampling locations (Eigenvalue = 0.188, P = 0.134). Monte Carlo test and RDA analysis showed that the ion exchangeable form of nitrogen (IEF-N) was the main factor influencing the spatial characteristics of bacterial communities in the sediments. The aquatic plants had a significant effect on the richness of bacterial communities in the sediments, and the effectiveness of plant species was more notable than that of the vegetation coverage. The above results indicated that bacterial community structure and diversity in the surface sediments can well reflect the degree of urbanization development and effectiveness of ecological restoration in Tangxi River region.     

论生态环境保护督察制度的完善

推进生态环境保护督察往纵深方向发展需要完善生态环境保护督察制度。生态环境保护督察制度建设具备政治支持、实践基础和制度铺垫等条件。完善生态环境保护督察制度建设以习近平生态文明思想为根本遵循,坚持党的领导,突出问题导向,充分发扬民主。应当完善生态环境保护督察领导小组及其办公室、生态环境保护督察组、生态环境部及其区域督察局等生态环境保护督察主体制度,明确生态环境保护督察组享有检查权、处置权、请求协助权、交办权、督察情况述评权、问责建议权等。完善生态环境保护督察制度应当对地方党委、政府及有关部门、党政领导干部落实中央生态文明建设的决策部署、执行生态环境保护法律法规、履行生态环境保护职能等开展督察。生态环境保护督察可以采取集中督察、"回头看"督察、专项督察、常态督察等形式。除常态督察外,生态环境保护督察主要包括督察准备、督察进驻和进行、督察意见和整改、督察结束、督察后处理等环节。