三峡库区退化土壤的恢复与重建研究

三峡库区是一个生态环境背景较为脆弱且人口压力巨大的丘陵山区,由于人类长期的过垦与破坏,土壤退化十分严重。因此,加强对库区退化土壤的恢复与重建势在必行。土壤恢复与重建包括土壤结构,养分和环境的恢复三个方面内容。     

黄河中游河龙地区地质灾害及其治理策略

在前人研究成果与实地调查研究的基础上，对黄河中游河口镇-龙门口地区水土流失、土地沙漠化、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及地面塌陷等地质灾害类型、特征、灾情、发展趋势进行了剖析，并根据环境现状，提出了治理灾害策略．     

Ecological assessment of natural resources in agroecosystems of Dutch Lowland Peat area

In ecological assessment many abiotic and biotic indicators, reflecting the many facets of ecosystems, are used. Reporting on the state of the environment requires that information on separate indicators be integrated into comprehensive yardsticks or indices. In this paper we describe a method for assessing the quality of natural resources in agroecosystems and present a case study on the Dutch Lowland Peat area. Using a coherent set of physical, chemical, and biotic indicators, we compare the present situation with the long-term policy objective of strategic policy plans. Results are depicted in a radial plot. The present ecological quality of the Lowland Peat area has been found to deviate strongly from that of the desired state.     

水库下游洪灾淹没损失的估算

本文为评价水库的防洪效益，探讨了水库下游保护区内洪水灾害淹没损失的估算方法，并通过实例进行了检验。这对水库的防洪规划及其它防洪效益定量估算问题有很大的意义。     

山东日照市东港区震害损失动态初步预测

本文以山东省日照市东港区为例，以其１９９０年基础数据和１９９０年静态震害人员、财产损失预测为基础，以未来５年预测的房屋、人口、财产变化结果为变量，给出了动态震害人员、财产损失预测的方法及其初步预测结果。该方法还可以根据房屋、人口、财产的实际变化情况，实现“滚动式”的震害人员、财产损失预测。     

FLOWING WATER RESOURCES1

Using data related to stream order and the morphological characteristics associated with streams of different discharge rates, an estimate of the river resources of the United States is made. The national totals are: 3,200,000 miles total length of rivers; 15,000 square miles of river surface; and 29 cubic miles of water stored in river channels. Using the same techniques, more exact estimates may be made for individual river basins. Suggestions are given for application of the techniques and river data in the management of water resources.     

FORESTS AND OTHER FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH STREAMFLOWS IN EAST TEXAS1

Effects of proportion of watersheds in forest and watershed physiographic factors on mean annual streamflow (1965-76), median flow, and 12 flood flow characteristics were regionally analyzed for 19 unregulated streams in East Texas. Annual streamflow increased with decreasing proportion of forest area. Differences in annual streamflow between full forest cover and bare watersheds could be as much as 200 mm. Other things being equal, the minimum watershed area required to generate 0.142 cm (5 cfs), a criterion used by the U.S. Corps of Engineering in regulating dredge and fill activity for water pollution abatement in East Texas streams, is 70 km² (27 mi²). Of the 31 physio-climatic parameters analyzed, watershed area, percent forest area, shape index, spring precipitation, and annual temperature were the most significant in affecting streamflow characteristics in East Texas. Using 2-3 of these five variables, all of the 14 streamflow characteristics can be estimated with accuracy ranging from acceptable to excellent levels.     

基于人工神经网络的巢湖富营养化分时分区评价

应用人工神经网络方法,以温度、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、总氮作为评价参数,对巢湖湖区12个点位的营养状态进行了分时段评价,一共评价了2000年至2003年四个年度的各月份的营养状态。因为湖泊的营养状态水平是变化的,不同区域、不同时段营养状态水平是不同的,因此采用分区分时评价更能全面客观地反映巢湖的营养状态水平及其变化特征。     

铅蓄电池企业废气中铅及其化合物便携式XRF检测方法

在企业污染源现场实现污染物排放浓度水平的快速判定和超标风险筛查,对生态环境管理部门提高执法效率、企业提高环境管理水平意义重大。铅是一种对人体危害极大的有毒重金属,目前缺少含铅废气中铅及其化合物的便携式直读检测设备和检测方法。探索性地将X射线荧光光谱(XRF)法应用于铅蓄电池企业含铅废气中铅及其化合物的便携式快速、直读检测。研究结果表明,基于XRF的面密度法适用于铅蓄电池企业含铅废气处理设施后铅及其化合物的快速、直读检测,相对国标方法具有快速、直读、对样品无损、便于复测等特点,可用于铅及其化合物排放浓度水平的快速判定和超标风险筛查。     

北京市通州污灌区土壤环境质量监测和蔬菜重金属污染状况研究

通过对北京市通州污灌区土壤现状调查与蔬菜重金属污染监测,结合土壤环境质量标准、食品卫生标准及污灌区污染历史,分析对比该区土壤和蔬菜重金属污染状况及其变化。结果表明,本次监测通州污灌区土壤中重金属平均含量均达到土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)中二级标准限量。对照土壤中的重金属Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd和As均达到土壤一级标准。凉水河两岸和通惠北干渠中重金属含量均高于对照土壤,说明污灌区污水灌溉已使土壤受到一定程度的污染。与二十世纪70年代末监测结果相比,土壤中多数重金属含量处于上升趋势。污灌区蔬菜重金属含量监测结果表明,其含量水平均达到食品卫生标准,说明污灌区蔬菜尚未受到严重污染。