气候友好型环境影响评价方法研究与探讨

通过环境影响评价手段开展温室气体控制具有一定的可操作性和现实意义。本文主要从技术角度,研究和探讨温室气体环境影响评价整体思路、评价指标与评价基准的选取、排放源强的识别和估算等内容。从而提出气候友好型环境影响评价技术方法的初步观点,为相关技术规范制订做好技术储备,为适应国际应对气候变化形势、适合我国国情需要的监管制度提供必要的技术支撑。     

大气汞污染的研究进展与监测方法

目前全球大气汞的污染日益严重,本文从大气汞的形态、来源、行为过程、时空分布、监测方法及监测点位六个方面对这一污染物的研究进行了论述,并研究指出我国面临严峻的汞污染形势,国内大气汞的研究还比较薄弱,因此逐步开展我国大气汞的系统研究迫在眉睫。     

养殖海水中环境激素的环境风险评价技术研究

海水养殖因海水污染及渔业生产中药物及生长调剂的不当使用,会导致环境激素类物质污染食品,破坏海域的水生生态环境的负面影响,本文研究对环境影响评价技术进行了一些初步的研究及探索工作,包括评价工作程序、评价内容、评价因子、评价指标、评价标准、评价技术方法等方面。旨在为我国渔业养殖生态风险评价工作提供有益借鉴,并对我国的海水养殖环境安全管理起到积极的促进作用。     

环境监测质量控制结果的几种评价方法探讨

从数理统计方法的角度出发,针对当前环境监测工作中常用的标准样品测定、比对监测和校准曲线等,探讨了质量控制数据的常用评价方法,为正确、客观评价质量控制水平提供必要的技术参考,使环境监测质量控制结论更加合理。     

地方政府投融资平台信息披露问题研究

地方政府投融资平台在促进地方经济发展，推动城市化进程，应对国际金融危机等方面发挥了重要作用。但由于缺乏统一的管理，各地方政府投融资平台财务状况披露不公开、不透明，债务风险急剧扩大，引起了有关部门和专家学者的高度关注。各地方政府应将融资平台的各种信息，特别是债务情况，定期向主管部门报告，建立地方投融资平台信用评价方法，使得投融资平台朝着健康、良性的方向发展。     

Biodiversity conservation through faith and tradition in India: some case studies

SUMMARY

In India, since ancient times, several members of the flora and fauna have been identified with particular personalities of the Hindu pantheon and are worshipped. Many wild animals, such as tigers, lions and elephants, and birds such as the peacock, owl and swan have been revered as the vehicles of Gods and Goddesses and worshipped. Several trees, such as mango, coconut, khejri, emblica, tamarind, ashoka, madhuca and wood apple, and herbs such as basil are considered highly sacred and worshipped. This belief and these practices continue in one form or another even today in certain sections of Indian society, particularly the rural folk and the aboriginal tribes living in the forest. Nature worship is a form of tribal belief and the faith of these laymen has helped to conserve many natural ecosystems in India. They have preserved many pristine forests—called ‘sacred groves’ in their original forms. Sacred groves are rich in biodiversity. They are the last refuge of the rare flora and fauna which have otherwise disappeared from the modern world. Sacred groves have become part of the ‘biosphere reserves’ of India.     

太阳跟踪反射聚能户外加速曝晒方法的对比研究

目的 找出太阳跟踪反射聚能户外加速曝晒方法的特点和价值。方法 基于几种典型的透明高分子材料试样,分别在佛罗里达典型亚热带潮湿环境自然曝晒、汽车外饰实验室氙灯加速耐候试验及亚利桑那太阳跟踪反射聚能户外加速曝晒黄变结果相关性、加速性和区分度的对比分析,来比较这几种试验方法的特点。结果 户外加速曝晒和自然曝晒的相关性高于氙灯加速试验和自然曝晒的相关性。与自然曝晒相比,户外加速曝晒的平均加速倍率及不同试样的加速倍率的相对差异明显小于氙灯加速试验。自然曝晒和户外加速曝晒的区分度也明显大于实验室氙灯加速试验。结论 户外加速曝晒方法较好地均衡了相关性、加速性、加速一致性及区分度,适合高分子材料的验证性试验。     

Environmental impact assessment in the People's Republic of China

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedures have been in existence in the People's Republic of China over the last decade. The impetus for China's introduction of EIA was provided by the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, which was adopted by the Fifth National People's Congress in 1979. The EIA process, which is administrative and not statutorily mandated, has been applied primarily to construction projects. Four stages are typically involved in an EIA investigation: design of the investigation, evaluation of background environmental quality, prediction of environmental impacts, and an assessment and analysis of the environmental impacts. A variety of approaches is used for predicting and analyzing environmental impacts, ranging from ad hoc methods to fairly sophisticated mathematical models. The results of the EIA investigation are compiled in an environmental impact statement, which is used as the basis for decision making by personnel in environmental protection departments. The EIA process does not include provisions for citizen notification or involvement. Views differ concerning the effectiveness of the EIA program in protecting China's natural, social, and cultural environments. Some hold that the EIA program has brought about improvement in environmental protection, while critics contend that the program has had little effect in the prevention of pollution. However, most, if not all, observers seem to feel that the program should be continued and improved. A major avenue for improvement is to place the evaluation of a particular project in a regional context. An earlier version of this paper was distributed at a workshop on Environmental Assessment Development Planning held in conjunction with the VII Annual Meeting of the International Association for Impact Assessment, Brisbane, Australia, July 5–8, 1988.     

如何提高COD比色法测试的精密度和准确度

针对COD比色法测试的技术特点,通过总结日常分析、验收考核中存在的经验和问题,给出了如何提高COD测试仪测量精密度、准确度的方法和仪器质量的核查方法。     

Aquatic Resource Conservation. The first Yangtze finless porpoise successfully born in captivity (4 pp)

Background As the sole freshwater subspecies of finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides), the Yangtze finless porpoise (N. p. asiaeorientalis) lives only in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its appended Poyang and Dongting Lakes. As a result of human activity on the river, including over and illegal fishing, pollution, transportation and dam construction, the population of Yangtze finless porpoises has been steadily and rapidly decreasing during the past several decades, which leads the animal to be endangered. Methods For saving this unique animal from extinction, three corresponding measures, in situ conservation, ex situ conservation, and intensifying breeding research in captivity, were proposed and have been implemented since the 1980s. Results After successfully rearing the animals in captivity for almost nine years, the first Yangtze finless porpoise was successfully born in captivity on July 5, 2005. The calf is male, with a body length of 69cm. This is the first freshwater cetacean ever born in captivity. Conclusion The successful birth of this calf confirms that it is possible to breed the Yangtze finless porpoise in captivity. Furthermore, this will greatly benefit the conservation efforts, and also greatly bolster our on-going efforts to study the reproductivebiology of these animals. Recommendation More studies and efforts are expected to establish a sustainable, captive colony of the Yangtze finless porpoise, which will not only greatly expand our knowledge about the reproduction biology of this animal, but also help to redeem the wild population through a careful yearly 'soft releasing' process.