SUMMARY Xishuangbanna in southwest China is a tropical and subtropical region with extraordinary traditional cultures and attractive landscapes. Rubber cultivation is a key production source undergoing rapid growth. It contributes substantially to improvement of the local economic situation and partially replaces traditional slash-and-burn agriculture in the uplands, but it also results in biodiversity loss and environmental degradation and disturbs the peaceful life of the indigenous people. We discuss the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) preserved in daily practices and the present types of rubber plantations and suggest the application of TEK, in particular, the indigenous land-use experience to rubber cultivation, in order to promote sustainability in local economic development and ecological well-being. 相似文献
Objective: Road safety is an important public health issue worldwide. However, few studies have analyzed the association between criminalizing drunk driving and years of life lost (YLL) due to road traffic deaths (RTDs). Our study can provide useful information about this policy.
Methods: We used interrupted time-series analysis to find the changes in monthly YLL and RTD before and after law enforcement began using RTD data from 2008 to 2014 in Tianjin.
Results: After adjustment for seasonality, months, holidays, and the number of people in each district, criminalizing drunk driving was followed by a 11.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–21.1%) reduction in risk of RTDs and a corresponding 778.1-year (95% CI, 200–1,355.1) reduction in monthly YLL. The reduction in YLL was especially significant among males, those aged 16–64 years old, and suburban residents.
Conclusions: This study highlights that the law can lead to a reduction in YLL due to RTDs in Tianjin, China. Large immediate public health benefits resulted from the new road traffic law in China. YLL provides a complementary measure for examining the effect of criminalization on drunk driving RTDs. 相似文献
Fuelwood is one of the major sources of energy in the domestic sector across the rural areas,especially in the developing regions across the world.The Northeastern Himalayan state of Manipur is dominated by the tribal population that largely depends on fuelwood from the nearby forest area.The entire dependence on forests for energy resources is affecting the sustainability of the forest ecosystem in the region,thus indicating the livelihood conditions.Since land-use land-cover change is the key driver to the change in resource availability of a region,the present study has tried to analyze the landcover changes over a period 28 years.The second major component affecting resource availability is the increasing population pressure that leads to changes in the land dynamics,which directly affect the resource production.Based on the existing consumption pattern,the total consumption of fuelwood in the watershed ranges fiom a minimum of 289.992 tons/year to a maximum of 3545.719 tons/year with an average of 1561.956 tons/year in the year 2009 and simulated fuelwood consumption for the year 2021 is around 1469.260 tons/year.Nine different probable scenarios of resource are proposed to calculate the stress value that can be used by the policy-makers and planners for suitable policy implementation at the micro level with a complex social system. 相似文献
In this study, we investigate whether traditional swidden agriculture on nutrient-poor tropical soils can sustainably support
a growing indigenous population within Manu National Park, Peru. Based on interviews with 50 Matsigenka farmers, as well as
GPS mapping and field visits, we established the location and size of all 124 swidden gardens cultivated in 2000 and 2001.
Using a GIS-based soil map of Manu Park, we identify the total extent of potential arable land (1) throughout the park zones
currently available for Matsigenka habitation, and (2) within the vicinity of the two study communities. Taking into account
current per capita garden size, cultivation and fallow practices, we calculate the maximum human carrying capacity of swidden
agriculture for (1) all available park zones and (2) the immediate vicinity of the two current communities. Even given the
second, highly limited scenario, the sustainable human carrying capacity is estimated to be 2,138 individuals, which is far
higher than the current population of about 420 people. Thus, arable land does not appear to be a limiting factor for the
growth of the indigenous population in Manu Park at the current time. Other possible limiting factors for population growth
are identified and discussed. We conclude that a conservation policy of population stabilization around the current settlements
is viable in that it will not result in reduced resource availability over the next few decades, and that the challenge is
to identify and mitigate the forces causing population fissioning and spread.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献