海洋酸化对大型海藻生长以及磷酸盐、硝酸盐吸收利用的影响

CO2浓度升高导致的海洋酸化会对大型海藻的生长、生理生态以及营养盐的吸收产生影响.本研究分析了3种pH条件下,3种大型海藻[孔石莼、萱藻、小珊瑚藻(钙化藻)]单养和混养的生长以及营养盐(磷酸盐PO34-和硝酸盐NO3-)的吸收利用情况.单养时,孔石莼、萱藻、小珊瑚藻的第10 d湿重增加百分比分别在pH 7.9、7.6、8.2条件下最多,并且小珊瑚藻在pH 7.6时的相对增长率显著低于在pH 8.2时的相对增长率.混养结果表明,低pH有利于萱藻生长,而高pH有利于小珊瑚藻生长.无论单养还是混养,3种pH条件下的培养液中PO34-、NO3-含量随时间延长而逐渐降低.在0～2 d培养液中PO34-含量急剧下降(降低了71.9%～99.0%),随后PO34-含量下降缓慢.单养时,孔石莼、萱藻、小珊瑚藻分别在pH 8.2、8.2、7.6时的PO34-吸收速率最高;孔石莼、小珊瑚藻分别在pH 8.2、7.6时的NO3-吸收速率最高.混养时,孔石莼+萱藻、孔石莼+小珊瑚藻、萱藻+小珊瑚藻分别在pH 7.6、8.2、8.2时的PO34-吸收速率最高;孔石莼+小珊瑚藻在pH 7.6时的NO3-吸收速率最高.小珊瑚藻单养在pH 7.6时的低生长以及营养盐(PO34-和NO3-)的高吸收速率结果表明,PO34-和NO3-的吸收与同化作用并不相偶联.尽管两种藻混养中的优势种并未因海洋酸化而改变,但藻的种类组成比例发生了变化.因此,自然环境中海洋酸化对不同海藻的生长和营养盐吸收的长期影响可能会导致藻群落结构的改变.     

青草沙水库蓄水期间细菌群落结构变化的初步研究

为调查青草沙水库蓄水及运行初期水质变化和微生物群落的关系,采用微生物培养计数和PCR-DGGE(变性梯度胶凝胶电泳)技术对水库水体中的细菌群落结构进行了研究.结果表明,长江来水进入水库后,氮磷浓度显著降低,水质明显改善;来水和水库中可培养微生物数量随季节变化,春夏季来水明显多于库内,秋冬季少于库内,悬浮于水中的微生物等有机体可通过沉降作用部分进入到底泥中,导致库尾底泥有机质含量增加;PCR-DGGE分析结果表明库中细菌群落结构呈现季节性变化,夏季微生物群落多样性丰度最高,秋季较低;水库运行初期水样和底泥的微生物群落结构聚类分析的相似度可以达到62%,这与来自水中微生物的沉降有关;来水及库中主要的优势微生物与α、β-Proteobacteria、Flavobacterium、Rheinheimera、Prochlorococcus、Synechococcus和海洋宏基因具有很高的相似性,预示着水库存在藻类规模生长和海水入侵的风险,研究结果可为水库的运行管理和深入研究提供参考.     

小球藻生产生物柴油关键培养条件的摸索

当今世界能源的短缺和水体富营养化的发生严重阻碍了社会经济的发展。基于微藻培养的污水深度处理和生物柴油生产耦合系统,可以在很大程度上减缓这两方面的压力。在模拟实验条件,以不同氮磷比、光周期、光强及温度对小球藻生产生物柴油关键培养条件进行探索。培养小球藻至生长稳定期后,提取脂类物质,计算脂类物质占小球藻的干重比,从而摸索出微藻合成脂类物质最优条件。通过对实验结果处理和分析,得出在氮磷比为16,光周期为16:08,光照强度为4 000 Lux,温度为20℃条件下培养小球藻,用索氏提取器提取脂类物质,产生的脂类物质的含量最高,可以为高效的生物柴油生产提供基本的信息。     

一种高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及培养基优化

从某自来水处理厂的活性污泥中筛选得到了一株稳定高效的微生物絮凝剂产生菌MBF-33,所产絮凝剂对高岭土悬浮液体系有较好的絮凝作用.通过培养基优化,对高岭土的絮凝率从81.3%提高到95%.实验结果表明:(1)适宜的单一碳源为25 g·L-1葡萄糖;(2)复合碳源效果优于单一碳源,适宜的复合碳源为蔗糖5 g·L-1,葡萄糖20 g·L-1;(3)无机氮不利于该菌生长,适宜的氮源为单一有机氮,为1.5 g·L-1蛋白胨;(4)0.2 g·L-1的MgSO4有利于菌生长,但不利于絮凝剂产生.     

武威城乡融合发展核心区旅游与文化资源融合相关问题研究简

武威市被确定成为甘肃省统筹城乡发展的试验区,为当地经济、文化、旅游发展带来了新的战略机遇。虽然武威城乡融合发展核心区旅游业取得了长足发展,但是存在旅游文化产业要素分布不均衡,产业水平总体不高;文化资源与旅游产业的整合、融合度不足;旅游产品创新程度总体不高等问题。在对核心区文化旅游资源进行空间整合分析的基础上,深入挖掘了大靖、土门的历史文化资源特征,探讨了如何建立大靖历史文化名镇观光体验区、明代堡寨军事文化旅游体验区、土门故城体验旅游区、山陕会馆移民商贸文化体验旅游区等重点旅游项目。     

探析绿色校园文化的环境教育功能--以中国环境管理干部学院为例

绿色校园文化在对大学生进行环境教育中具有重要作用。通过对中国环境管理干部学院的实证研究,提出高等学校可以从办学理念,办学特色等精神层面,从社团行动、教师行为、教学管理行为等行为层面,从校园基础设施、校园环境教育解说体系等物质层面三个方面对大学生进行环境教育。     

Achieving sustainable lifestyles? Socio-cultural dispositions,collective action and material culture as problems and possibilities

This article focuses on the everyday life of ordinary households, their behaviour and responsibility with regard to environmental and sustainability issues. Previous research has shown that there is a gap between what households perceive as ideologically correct behaviour and what they actually do. It is argued here that socio-cultural dispositions, material culture and collective action need to be included in future strategies for creating more sustainable lifestyles. The investigation is based on a study of families participating in a year-long project in which the families learned to live in a more environmentally friendly way. In the study of the families, material culture interacted with routines, family relations and citizenship in a reproducing manner. The lifestyle changes were gender-biased, with the women as driving forces but also bearing most of the extra workload. From early life experiences, garbage sorting stood out as an especially powerful tool for a change towards more sustainable lifestyles.     

Dynamic street environment

The research examines the street's physical characteristics that are influenced by the culture in the city of Mashhad, Iran as a case study. It is evident that new developments in the traditional street have mostly eroded the cultural value of the urban environment. The techniques used for data collection include literature review, in-depth interview, questionnaire and field observation. The research outcome indicated, firstly, the street's physical characteristics which were influenced by culture and shaped the street form and function as a corridor to the Holy Shrine, a significant Iranian landmark. It is indicated that culture is a way of life influencing the physical appearance, activities and behavioural aspects that these are important to support human needs, therefore to create a sense of place. Secondly, culture, in line with the physical characteristics, would enhance the uniqueness of the street and its cultural value to support distinctiveness of the street environment. The third finding proves that cultural aspects have a significant role in activating public life and increasing the attractiveness of the street.     

The Cytotoxicity of Some Organic Solvents on Isolated Hepatocytes in Monolayer Culture

The cytotoxic effects of volatile and water-insoluble organic solvents (ethylbenzene, tetrachloroethylene, n-hexane) were tested on isolated hepatocytes in monolayer culture by using the 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. All of the tested compounds inhibited metabolic activity of hepatocytes and this effect depended on the concentration of solvents in the incubatory medium. The presence of fetal calf serum in the medium did not change the cytotoxicity of xenobiotics. IC₅₀ values calculated on the basis of the MTT assay indicated that ethylbenzene was more cytotoxic than tetrachloroethylene and n-hexane. Using hepatocyte monolayer culture and the MTT assay to assess cytotoxicity of organic solvents causes many technical problems. It seems that it cannot be used as a rapid, cheap, and credible method.     

Exploring the need for more radical sustainable innovation: what does it look like and why?

It has been argued in recent years that Western economies need to increase their resource productivity by 90% over the next 50 years. This is a radical aim. This paper draws on design for sustainability (DfS) thinking to scope interventions that encourage greater levels of resource productivity through reconfiguring concepts of growth and well‐being within organisational strategies, structures, systems, processes and outputs. Based on research from a UK EPSRC funded project Design Dialogues (2005–2008), this paper links together sustainable design and innovation literatures and dialogue‐based primary research that together inform the development of an approach to innovation for sustainability. The emphasis on sustainable innovation is to understand what is designed (the outputs of business) and why (the inputs: the values, beliefs, visions and objectives) within a context of ecological limits. The foundations of this approach are introduced here in order to demonstrate the potential to provoke a new way of thinking about longer‐term organisational innovation through making explicit the intrinsic connections between natural and human capitals. This paper explores the need to think differently in order to create sustainability and presents the outcome of this research: a methodology for innovation for sustainability.