EFFECTS OF POTENTIAL WATER CONSERVATION EFFORTS IN EAST TENNESSEE1

ABSTRACT: The importance of water conservation was emphasized by a proposed National Water Policy which was established during the previous Carter Administration. This policy stressed water conservation on a national scale. Such a policy sought to apply one program to all water resources problems. Before implementation of this or another such policy, consideration must be given to those vast areas of the country which in reality do not have a shortage of water. One of these areas is the French-Broad River basin in Tennessee. This report was formulated in an effort to describe both the positive and negative effects of water policies which would bring about either a 10 percent or 30 percent reduction in water usage in this basically water rich area. The parameters used in the evaluation included selected economic, sociological, legal, and environmental impacts.     

CONSTRUCTION WORK FORCE CHARACTERISTICS AND COMMUNITY SERVICE IMPACT ASSESSMENT1

ABSTRACT: Findings of a national survey of the Corps of Engineers construction work force are presented. The purpose of the survey was to obtain information about the construction work force for use in estimating the demand on local community services associated with building Corps projects. Information on numbers of workers and dependents in-migrating to construction sites, the residential location preferences and commuting patterns of this group, and the intentions of this group to remain in local areas after project construction is presented in this paper. An example showing how this information can be used in a community service impact assessment is provided.     

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMPACTS OF A WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: At a time in history when water resource development in the United States is being condemned as both economically inefficient and an environmental disaster, perhaps economists need to look back at previous development to see what the fruits of water development (be they sweet or sour) have been. The Boise Project of south-western Idaho is 70 years old and to some people it represents a gross error in resource use, while to others it represents a means of livelihood and well being. A recent research project at the University of Idaho attempted to measure not only the direct economic income benefits of the project (from irrigation), but also the indirect or secondary income benefits (from the food processing industry). Periodic regional input-output tables were constructed to assess the income generated from irrigation and food processing over the period from 1946 to 1970. Input-output analysis allowed researchers to evaluate the direct and indirect impacts of both the irrigation sector and the food processing sector and to compare their growth over time.     

CULTURAL ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PAST,PRESENT, AND FUTURE1

ABSTRACT Attitudes toward the development of the American West have undergone important changes over the past century just as the nature of water resources as factors in development have changed. Viewing these changes processually, stages for water resources definition and use can be identified in the total process of western cultural development. The first stage involves the value of water resource development as a stimulus to population and economic growth in the West. The second stage, still in process', adopts a dominant cultural norm which sees water resource development as inevitable if not necessary to keep up with growth. A third stage to this evolutionary process is incipient. Future cultural values and thinking with respect to water resource development will be to look at development as a means for controlling or managing both the location and quantity of population and economic growth. To this end planners will have to become concerned with the questions of human adaptation. Concern will have to be given to the problems of getting a living which enables individuals to meet the subsistence needs of self and family, to establishing community which provides for cooperation among individuals and the management of conflict, to establishing improved communication which promotes interpersonal interaction, and for fostering innovation which provides the new ideas necessary to adapt to new environmental situations.,     

QUALITY OF RUNOFF FROM MINNESOTA PEATLANDS: II. A METHOD FOR ASSESSING MINING IMPACTS1

ABSTRACT The impacts of milled peat mining on runoff quality in northern Minnesota were determined using a multiple watershed approach. The frequency distributions of water quality constituents were used to detect whether runoff from a mined bog differed from that of 15 unmined (control) bogs. Peat mining increased water temperature, suspended sediment, specific conductance and concentrations of acidity, iron, sodium, and nitrogen species, although drinking water standards were not exceeded (α= 0.05). The method presented may be applicable for other nonpoint pollution investigations.     

Integrated rice-fish culture: Coupled production saves resources

Rice is a key component in global food security, as it is the main ingredient in the daily diets of around 3 billion people, especially in Asia. Like all agricultural production, rice cultivation depends on scarce natural resources. This article briefly outlines the utilization of land and water in rice production, and suggests an approach for optimizing use efficiency, namely through the combination of rice and fish culture. The authors argue that the utilization of land and fresh water is optimized through integrated and complementary production of rice and fish — two basic foods items in daily local diets. The article reviews currently available scientific literature on integrated rice‐fish systems. Rice‐fish culture systems are briefly characterized, and respective yield potential and interactions between rice and fish are discussed. Results of socio‐economic surveys regarding the adoption of integrated rice‐fish culture are summarized. The article also reviews literature on the impact of fish culture on rice field ecology as outlined in studies on weed infestation, insect populations, and greenhouse gas emissions. The article concludes that rice‐fish culture can be an option to help rice producing countries keep pace with soaring domestic demand for food, especially fish. Integrated rice and fish culture optimizes the benefits of scarce land and water resources through complementary use, and exploits the synergies between fish and plant.     

高等级公路车速管理研究

高等级公路交通事故中约 1/ 3与车速直接相关。为保证高等级公路行车安全 ,车速管理非常必要。从我国高等级公路管理现状出发 ,根据对我国高等级公路车辆实际运行特征和运行车速的实地调查 ,笔者对高等级公路车速限制的设定、发布及实施进行了研究 ,提出了应根据公路、交通、气象、历史事故数据等条件动态确定限制车速的概念 ,并就高等级公路车速管理的实施进行了探讨 ,重点强调了道路设计和交通安全文化建设在实施车速管理中的重要性。     

关于沙文化研究的几点认识

沙文化是人们对沙资源开发利用的文化思考.为拓展沙文化研究的新局面,对沙文化研究的焦点问题,如沙文化的提出、定义、研究意义、"语言"和表现形式、内容体系、重点和难点,以及沙文化的创新要求进行了分析说明,以此推动沙文化这一新生事物的发展,使沙资源化害为利,造福人类.     

企业安全文化与安全教育初探

论述了企业安全文化的作用,以及企业安全文化与安全教育的关系,提出安全教育是安全文化建设最根本、最有效途径。     

试论安全文化建设与安全教育的关系

介绍了安全文化的产生过程及内涵。阐述了在企业营建安全文化的重要意义,论述了安全教育对企业创建健康的安全文化环境的作用